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Alexander C. Hirst vs. Fitchburg and Leominister Street Railway Company

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1907-10-15
196 Mass. 353

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the jury verdict, holding that evidence of the officer's employment by the defendant, his receipt of compensation, his collection of tickets under the company's direction, and his instructions from the rink manager sufficiently warranted a finding that he committed the assault as the defendant's servant rather than as a town police officer acting in his official capacity.

A police officer employed by the defendant railway company assaulted the plaintiff at a skating rink operated by the defendant. The officer testified that he was paid by the company, collected tickets at its entrance, received instructions from the rink manager about handling disorderly patrons, and felt obligated to follow both his police duties and the manager's directives. The central question was whether the officer was acting as a town police officer (in which case the company would not be liable) or as an employee of the defendant company (making the company potentially liable for his actions).

The court concluded that sufficient evidence existed for a jury to find the officer was acting as the company's servant or employee rather than purely in his capacity as a town police officer. The officer's testimony about being paid, taking orders from the rink manager, and feeling duty-bound to the managers supported this conclusion. The court rejected the defendant's argument that no evidence supported employer liability and upheld the jury's verdict.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a town police officer can simultaneously serve as an employee of a private business
  • Evidentiary standard for establishing an employer-servant relationship
  • Vicarious liability of a business for assaults committed by employees who hold separate police office

Procedural posture

The defendant railway company appealed from a jury verdict, arguing that no evidence supported a finding that the officer was acting as its servant when he committed the assault.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Morton, J.

The sole question in this case is whether there was evidence warranting the jury in finding that Driesnaek was acting as, the servant of the defendant when he assaulted the plaintiff. Driesnack was a police officer of the town of Lunenburg and was on duty at Whalom Park in said town. The defendant operated a skating rink at said Park. The alleged assault took place in the skating rink. Driesnack, who was called as a witness by the plaintiff, testified, amongst other things, that he was taking tickets at the main entrance and saw something that looked like a disturbance in the skating rink, “ and he immediately left his post at the gate and went into the skating rink, pushed his way through the crowd and saw quite a disturbance there; that his purpose in leaving the ticket job was to restore order; that . . . there was a large crowd ” and “ he pushed right into the centre of it where the disturbance was, and he saw it was necessary for him to pull his stick and he used it; . . . that the one who was struck seemed to him to be causing ... a disturbance; that after he hit the man he began to clean out the crowd; did not use the stick any more; that he got the crowd cleaned out and peace and order were restored.” This and other testimony in the case would, if believed, have warranted a finding that in doing what he did Driesnack- was acting as a police officer to restore and preserve peace and order as his duty as a police officer required him to do; in which case the defendant would not have been liable for any assault committed by him even though it was committed upon its premises. But there was also evidence tending to show that notwithstanding he was a police officer of the town of Lunenburg he was in the- employment of the defendant and that the assault was committed by him as such servant or employee. He was not, so far as appears, appointed a railway policeman under R. L. c. 108, §§ 21, et seq., or under- St, 1906, c. 463, Part I. §§ 49, et seq., and neither those provisions nor the case of Healy v. Lothrop, 171 Mass. 263, relied on by the defendant have anything to do with the case before us. Neither was there anything in the fact that he was a police officer of the town of Lunenburg to prevent his being employed by the defendant if it saw fit to employ him. He testified that he was employed and paid by it; that after the skating rink was built he collected tickets at the main entrance; and “ that Memorial Day, 1906, he did patrol duty in the forenoon, and in the afternoon they [meaning as could have been found, we think, the defendant] sent him to the skating rink where he collected tickets,” thus tending to show that he was subject to the defendant’s orders. He also testified that manager Guiol of the skating rink gave him instructions in regard to letting in disorderly persons and in regard to putting people out, and that in quelling the disturbance he felt that it was his duty under his appointment and “ under the managers of the rink to go in and see what they were doing.” We do not see how it can be said that, on this testimony, the jury were not warranted in finding, as they must have found, that he committed the assault as a servant of the defendant, and not as a police officer. See St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway v. Hackett, 58 Ark. 381. Dickson v. Waldron, 135 Ind. 507. The case was left to the jury under instructions not objected to except on the ground that there was no evidence warranting a finding that the assault was the act of a servant or agent of the defendant. We think, as already observed, that there was such evidence, and that the exceptions must, therefore, be overruled.

So ordered.