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Gladys W. Emery vs. George G. Miller; Gladys A. Killam vs. Same; Francis E. Emery vs. Same; William H. Killam vs. Same

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1918-10-29
231 Mass. 243

Summary

Holding. The trial court's exceptions were sustained, finding that the girls' decision to run toward the right side of the road, though it proved unsuccessful, was not negligent as a matter of law and did not bar their recovery against the defendant driver who was operating his vehicle at an unlawful and dangerous speed.

Two teenage girls were lawfully walking on the left side of a macadam road at night when an automobile driven by the defendant approached from behind at high speed, passing an electric car and striking both girls. The defendant was violating state speed and safety statutes, and the evidence clearly established his negligence. Although the girls attempted to escape by running to the right when startled by the combined glare of both vehicles' lights, they were struck on the extreme right edge of the road. The court found that the girls' conduct—running to what they reasonably believed would be a safe location—did not constitute a lack of due care as a matter of law, particularly since they had every reason to assume a driver would obey traffic laws. The court concluded that if the defendant had been driving at a lawful speed, the girls would have safely reached the side of the road.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether pedestrians' defensive conduct in response to an approaching vehicle constitutes negligence
  • Whether a driver traveling at excessive speed in violation of statute is negligent
  • Whether pedestrians may reasonably rely on other drivers' compliance with traffic laws

Procedural posture

The defendant filed exceptions to a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiffs-pedestrians in a negligence action arising from an automobile-pedestrian collision.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Rugg, C. J.

Two girls about seventeen or eighteen years of age were walking hand in hand slightly to the left of the sixteen feet wide macadam part of a State highway in the town of Reading at about ten o’clock on a March evening. Other parts of the way including a dirt sidewalk were muddy. From behind, upon tracks on the side of the road, an electric car approached with a searchlight which made brilliant the part of the road where the girls were. They had an indubitable right to be travelling where they were. An automobile with headlights also approached from behind, driven by the defendant at a rate of speed estimated according to some testimony at thirty-five or forty miles an hour. There was an elevation in the road over the brow of which both the electric car and the automobile came, so that when the lights shone down on the road the girls were two or three hundred feet away. In this distance the automobile driven .on the right hand side of the macadam passed the electric car, and having been turned slightly further to the right struck both the girls causing severe injuries to each.

There can be no question that there was sufficient evidence of negligence on the part of the defendant. He was violating St. 1909, c. 534, §§ 14, 16. The speed at which he was driving might have been found to have been excessive and dangerous to other travellers.

There was evidence of due care on the part of the plaintiffs. They were upon a part of the highway where they had a right to travel. They rationally might assume that, even though they were on a main thoroughfare, a driver of an automobile would not violate the statutory law or be careless, and they might act to some extent upon that assumption. Neither a pedestrian nor a traveller by automobile has rights superior to those of the other. Each is bound to act with reasonable regard to the presence of the other. The testimony as to the conduct of the plaintiffs was to the effect that as the automobile came over the top of the hill and was distant two hundred or three hundred feet from the plaintiffs, when they were within the full glare both of the searchlight of the electric car and of the headlights of the automobile, “the girls started to run across to the right.” “When they started to run, they ran quickly” and made “a dash across the street;” “they must have heard the automobile and they jumped over to their right . . . without stopping to look when they started, they ran right across to their right” and if they had stopped where they were they would not ha,ye been struck and would have been safe. They were hit on the extreme right of the macadam. It cannot be said to be an irrational inference from this testimony that the girls, startled by the combined light of the electric car and the automobile, and having every reason to believe that a position to the right of the macadam part of the way would be safe, and knowing that a very brief time would enable them to run to that place of security, took that course in the instant permitted them for decision. Such a conclusion does not seem as matter of law more wanting in care than to remain on the left of the macadam part of the highway, where they would be within the narrow space between the electric car and the automobile provided the latter kept strictly to the right. If the defendant had been travelling at a lawful rate of speed, the girls would have reached a place of safety. Even if they did not pursue the wisest course in the light of what happened, that is not decisive against them.

Exceptions sustained.