LAW.coLAW.co

Paul Michael PRUETT, Respondent, v. Barbara Louise PRUETT, Appellant

Missouri Court of Appeals2009-04-01No. No. SD 29154
280 S.W.3d 749

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the trial court's decision to strike the wife's pleadings and preclude maintenance evidence, but reversed and remanded the order requiring refinance within 60 days or face forced public sale of the home awarded to the wife, as it was unsupported by evidence and was not a proper exercise of the court's discretion in dividing marital property.

The wife appealed a divorce judgment, challenging both the trial court's decision to strike her pleadings and preclude her from presenting evidence about maintenance (spousal support), and a court order requiring her to refinance the marital home within 60 days or face a forced public sale. Regarding the first issue, the wife had failed to comply with discovery orders even after extensions and had not provided an offer of proof to show what evidence she would have presented about her maintenance needs. The appellate court found no prejudice from the exclusion and upheld the trial court's striking of her pleadings, applying the same procedural standards to the wife despite her self-represented status. On the second issue, the appellate court found the refinance-or-sell order lacked any supporting evidence in the record and was not justified under controlling precedent.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether striking pleadings and precluding maintenance evidence constitutes an abuse of discretion when the party fails to comply with discovery orders
  • Whether a forced public sale of property awarded to one spouse requires evidentiary support and justification
  • Whether pro se litigants must comply with standard procedural requirements including making offers of proof

Procedural posture

The wife appealed a divorce judgment from the trial court that dissolved the marriage, struck her pleadings, precluded maintenance evidence, and ordered a forced sale of the marital home unless refinanced within 60 days.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

DANIEL E. SCOTT, Presiding Judge.

Wife appeals from a judgment dissolving her marriage. She complains that the trial court struck her pleadings and kept her from offering evidence of her alleged need for maintenance. She also challenges an order for forced sale of her home unless she refinances within 60 days. The latter point has merit. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand with directions.

Point I — Striking Pleadings/Precluding Maintenance Evidence

Husband petitioned for dissolution and Wife answered, seeking maintenance, in late 2005. In early 2006, Husband served initial discovery requests which Wife never answered, even after Husband agreed to a time extension. In April 2007, the case was given a March 31, 2008 trial setting.

In February 2008, some six weeks before trial, Husband moved to compel discovery and Wife’s counsel moved to withdraw. The court granted both motions and ordered Wife to provide discovery by March 14, which she failed to do. Husband moved to strike her pleadings as a sanction. The court did so on March 25, but said it would “reconsider this ruling upon [Wifej’s compliance with the court’s prior rulings ordering her to fully answer said discovery.”

Wife appeared pro se for the March 31 trial. The court denied her request for a continuance. Wife still had not provided discovery, so the court precluded her from seeking affirmative relief as to maintenance.

Point I lumps into one 247-word sentence a litany of assertions why the trial court thereby abused its discretion. We need not parse this point or evaluate its constituents since “appellate review is for prejudice, not mere error.” Heritage Warranty Ins., RRG, Inc. v. Swiney, 244 S.W.3d 290, 294 (Mo.App.2008). Wife has shown no prejudice from the inability to offer evidence as to maintenance.

A litigant who complains about the exclusion of evidence should make an offer of proof to inform the trial court of the content of the proffered evidence and to allow an appellate court to determine the prejudicial effect of the exclusion. The offer of proof must be specific and definite.

Brady v. Brady, 39 S.W.3d 557, 560-61 (Mo.App.2001) (citations omitted). We will not reverse a judgment without a showing of prejudice. Shields v. Shields, 59 S.W.3d 658, 660 (Mo.App.2001). See also Rule 84.13(b).

Wife admits there was no offer of proof, but reminds us that she was pro se. Pro se litigants are held to the same standards as attorneys. Judicial impartiality, judicial economy, and fairness to all parties preclude courts from granting pro se litigants preferential treatment. See Carlson v. Healthcare Services Group, Inc., 275 S.W.3d 382, 384 (Mo.App.2009); Ward v. United Engineering Co., 249 S.W.3d 285, 287 (Mo.App.2008).

Wife has failed to show how the court’s ruling prejudiced her. Moreover, we disturb a trial court’s discretion to strike pleadings only if “it is exercised unjustly” (In re Marriage of Lindeman, 140 S.W.3d 266, 271 (Mo.App.2004)), which the record before us belies. For these reasons, Point I fails.

Point II — Refinance/Forced Sale Order

Husband and Wife agreed that Wife should be awarded the marital home. The court did so, then ordered “that the residence be sold at public auction by the sheriff’ unless Wife refinanced within 60 days. The record reflects no request, support, or justification for such an order, and we agree with Wife that it must be reversed.

Husband cites Hileman v. Hileman, 909 S.W.2d 675, 680-82 (Mo.App.1995), which affirmed a somewhat similar order. That husband, however, showed that his liability on marital mortgages kept him from getting a loan of his own; it was feasible and not unduly harsh to sell the wife’s home to satisfy those marital debts; and it was in everyone’s best interest to do so if the wife could not refinance. Id. at 681-82. Here, Husband offered no such evidence. Moreover, Hileman’s order was merely to refinance the home “or put it up for sale” (Id. at 677), while a forced public sale, such as here, is unlikely to bring a property’s market value. See In re Marriage of Wilson, 727 S.W.2d 226, 227 (Mo.App.1987).

Equally misplaced is Husband’s reliance on In re Marriage of Usrey, 781 S.W.2d 556, 561 (Mo.App.1989), which recognizes the propriety, in dividing a marital estate, of selling property indivisible in kind. This order does not divide marital property; it potentially force-sells a home already awarded to Wife, despite no indication of record of any loan default.

Husband argues that selling Wife’s home is in her best interest, citing his own testimony that Wife could “downsize” to a smaller place and save money. Even if downsizing would save Wife money, we doubt a court could order her to do so solely on that basis. There also is a big difference between “downsizing,” as normally understood, and being forced to refinance in 60 days or have your home sold on the courthouse steps. We grant Point II.

Conclusion

We reverse those portions of the judgment (including paragraph 13 at pages 3-4 and paragraph 4 at page 5 thereof) ordering Wife to refinance her home within 60 days or have it sold at public auction, and remand for entry of a corrected judgment consistent with this opinion. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed.

BARNEY, and BATES, JJ., Concur.

. We refer to the parties as “Husband” and "Wife.” Rule references are to Missouri Court Rules (2008).

. Wife has not challenged this ruling.

. Over Husband’s objection, however, the court heard Wife’s evidence as to the division of property and debt.