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Patrick J. Donahue vs. C. H. Buck and Company

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1908-02-28
197 Mass. 550

Summary

Holding. The court sustained the plaintiff's exceptions and determined that the defendant was negligent in providing defective staging equipment without ensuring an adequate supply of alternatives, and that questions regarding the plaintiff's comparative negligence and assumption of risk should have been submitted to the jury.

A painter employed by the defendant was injured when a rope strap on a suspended staging broke and fell. The staging was constructed from the defendant's permanent equipment and appliances that were reassembled for each job. The defendant had a legal duty to provide reasonably safe equipment and to warn workers of non-obvious defects. An examination of the broken strap revealed it had deteriorated, become rotten, and was unfit for use—conditions the defendant should have discovered through reasonable inspection.

The defendant argued it should be excused from liability because it had left the workers to construct the staging themselves. However, this defense fails because the defendant did not provide an adequate supply of suitable blocks from which the workers could choose. With only three available blocks—including the defective one—the workers had no realistic alternative. The opinion also addresses a separate count alleging negligence by the defendant's superintendent, who selected and directed use of the equipment. Whether the superintendent knew or should have known of the defect and directed its use was a question for the jury. The plaintiff's own conduct was also properly submitted to the jury, as he had no obligation to inspect the equipment and was entitled to rely on the defendant's duty to provide safe appliances.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Employer's duty to provide reasonably safe equipment and appliances to workers
  • Liability for defects in equipment that should be discovered through reasonable inspection
  • Whether providing workers the freedom to select equipment excuses the employer from supplying safe alternatives
  • Superintendent's negligence in directing use of defective equipment
  • Worker's right to rely on employer-provided equipment without independent inspection

Procedural posture

The plaintiff appealed from a judgment, and the court considered whether exceptions to the trial court's instructions and rulings should be sustained.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Bealey, J.

The plaintiff, while at work for the defendant as a painter, was injured by the fall of a staging caused by the breaking of a rope strap on the block of one of the falls by which it had been suspended. In the performance of their work, the men constructed the staging from separate, hut in themselves complete and permanent appliances, used by the defendant in the prosecution of its business. If the staging was temporary in the sense that, after having been used on one job, the parts were separated, yet the separation was only for convenience, as when next required they would be again combined. It was incumbent upon the defendant under these conditions, whether at common law or under B,. L. c. 106, § 71, to provide reasonably safe, complete appliances, which the plaintiff in common with his fellow workmen could use in the performance of their work. A failure to make such provision or to warn the plaintiff of defects which were not obvious and exposed him to risk of injury furnished evidence of the defendant’s negligence. Feeney v. York Manuf. Co. 189 Mass. 336. Ford v. Eastern Bridge & Structural Co. 193 Mass. 89, 94.

After having been placed in position, upon being subjected to the ordinary strain, the rope strap broke, and an examination showed that it had become worn, rotten, and unfitted for use. The plaintiff’s expert was of opinion that, if it had been sound, it would have safely sustained a much heavier load. Upon this evidence the jury could say not only that it was unfit for use, but also that the defendant in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have been aware of its defective condition. Graham v. Badger, 164 Mass. 42, 48. McMahon v. McHale, 174 Mass. 320. Ellis v. Thayer, 183 Mass. 309.

The construction of the staging having been left to the workmen, the defendant would have been freed from liability if it had provided a supply of suitable blocks from which three falls of the length which the plaintiff and his fellow workman were directed to get could have been selected. Adasken v. Gilbert, 165 Mass. 443, 445. Miller v. New York, New Haven, & Hartford Railroad, 175 Mass. 363. But from the evidence it appears that, upon examination, there were only three falls of this kind available or at their disposal, including the one with the defective block, and, having neglected to provide a suitable supply from which a further selection could have been made, the defendant fails to sustain this defence.

There also is a count for negligence of the superintendent. All the arrangements for painting the building were made by the defendant’s superintendent, who selected the stock, designated the necessary supplies to be used and despatched the men. If the jury were satisfied that he either knew, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence ought to have known, of the defective fall, and directed its use, then the accident which followed could have been found attributable to his negligence in-superintendence. Collins v. Greenfield, 172 Mass. 78. Feeney v. York Manuf. Co., ubi supra.

It cannot be said as a matter of law upon the plaintiff’s evidence either that he was careless, or that he assumed the risk, but this question also should have been submitted to the jury. In removing the falls from the peg where they hung, the plaintiff testified that he did not notice anything which indicated that they were unsound, and the dry rot which caused the weakness had not changed their outside appearance. There was no obligation resting upon him to inspect the block, and he had the right to rely on the presumption that the defendant had provided reasonably safe instrumentalities. Feeney v. York Manuf. Co., ubi supra. Garant v. Cashman, 183 Mass. 13, 18,19.

.Exceptions sustained.