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Edward SOLOMON v. COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, BUREAU OF DRIVER LICENSING, Appellant

Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania2009-01-30
966 A.2d 640

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the trial court's order rescinding Solomon's one-year license suspension. Because the officer lacked reasonable grounds to believe Solomon was operating the vehicle while intoxicated and PennDOT failed to prove Solomon was offered a meaningful opportunity to comply with chemical testing, the suspension could not be sustained.

Edward Solomon was found sleeping in his running vehicle parked near a nightclub at 3 a.m. and was arrested for driving under the influence. When police asked if he would submit to a chemical test, Solomon responded with profanity but also said "do what you've got to do." The officer treated this as a refusal and PennDOT suspended Solomon's license for one year. The trial court reversed the suspension, and PennDOT appealed.

The appellate court affirmed the trial court's decision on two grounds. First, the officer lacked reasonable grounds to believe Solomon had actually operated the vehicle while intoxicated—Solomon was asleep when discovered, the car's location was typical for the area, and there was no objective evidence he had driven it. Second, even if Solomon's response could be construed as a refusal, it was ambiguous enough that the officer should have sought clarification rather than immediately escorting him out and deeming it a refusal, meaning PennDOT failed to prove Solomon was offered a meaningful opportunity to comply with testing.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether officer had reasonable grounds to believe Solomon was operating or in physical control of vehicle
  • Whether Solomon's ambiguous response constituted a refusal to submit to chemical testing
  • Whether Solomon was offered a meaningful opportunity to comply with chemical testing

Procedural posture

PennDOT appealed the trial court's decision sustaining Solomon's appeal of a one-year license suspension for refusal to submit to chemical testing.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

OPINION BY

Judge BUTLER.

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing (PennDOT) appeals from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial court) sustaining the appeal of Edward Solomon (Solomon) of his one year license suspension for his refusal to submit to a chemical test pursuant to Section 1547(b)(1) of the Vehicle Code, as amended, 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b)(1). PennDOT presents two issues before this Court: 1) whether Solomon was operating or in physical control of the movement of his vehicle while he was intoxicated, and 2) whether Solomon refused to submit to chemical testing. For reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court.

On January 29, 2007, at approximately 3:00 a.m., Solomon was sleeping in his vehicle at the 1700 block of South Swanson Street, across the street from Club Risqué. Philadelphia Police Officer Phillip Mus-carnero woke him up and subsequently arrested him for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). Another unit transported Solomon to the Police Administration Building. Philadelphia Police Officer Thomas O’Neil thereafter read Solomon the O’Connell warnings, and asked him if he would submit to a chemical test. Solomon responded “[g]o f* * * yourself, and do what you’ve got to do.” Officer O’Neil deemed that to be a refusal.

On March 6, 2007, PennDOT sent Solomon official notice imposing a one year suspension pursuant to Section 1547(b)(1) of the Vehicle Code, as amended, 75 Pa. C.S. § 1547(b)(1) (relating to refusal to submit to chemical testing). Solomon timely appealed to the trial court and the trial court sustained Solomon’s appeal. PennDOT timely appealed to this Court.

PennDOT argues that the trial court’s finding that Officer Muscarnero did not have reasonable grounds to believe that Solomon was operating or was in actual physical control of the movement of his vehicle is not supported by competent evidence.

In determining whether an officer had reasonable grounds to believe that a motorist was in “actual physical control” of a vehicle, the court must consider the totality of the circumstances, including the location of the vehicle, whether the engine was running and whether there was other evidence indicating that the motorist had driven the vehicle at some point prior to the arrival of the police.

Banner v. Dept. of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, 558 Pa. 439, 446-447, 737 A.2d 1203, 1207 (1999). In Banner the officer discovered the operator at approximately 4:00 a.m. asleep in the reclined passenger seat of his car along side a rural road with his keys in the ignition. His lights, engine and ignition were off. The Court held:

[v]iewing the totality of the circumstances, we hold that the information available to the officer prior to his request for chemical testing falls short of the minimum required evidence to support a finding of reasonable grounds. A review of the relevant case law indicates that at the very least, there must be some objective evidence that the motorist exercised control over the movement of the vehicle at the time he was intoxicated.

Id. at 447-448, 737 A.2d at 1207. In the instant case Officer Muscarnero discovered Solomon at approximately 3:00 a.m. asleep, in the reclined driver’s seat of his car, walking distance from a bar. Although the car was running, it is undisputed that it was cold and snowing that evening. Officer Muscarnero testified that he stopped because Solomon’s car was parked in a driving lane. Notes of Testimony, January 8, 2008 (N.T.) at 5; Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 8a. However, on cross examination Officer Muscarnero testified that it is common for cars to park where Solomon was parked; specifically he stated “[t]hey do park there for the club.” N.T. at 11; R.R. at 9a.

Given the totality of the circumstances, the evidence falls short to support Penn-DOT’s argument that Solomon had exercised control over the movement of the vehicle at the time he was intoxicated. See Banner. There was no objective evidence presented to indicate Solomon had driven the vehicle at any point prior to the arrival of the police. Accordingly, the trial court’s finding that Officer Muscarnero did not have reasonable grounds to believe that Solomon was in actual physical control of the movement of his vehicle was supported by competent evidence.

PennDOT next argues that the trial court erred in holding that PennDOT failed to prove that Solomon refused chemical testing. “In proving whether a licensee refused to submit to chemical testing, [PennjDOT’s burden includes the burden of showing that the licensee was offered a meaningful opportunity to comply with § 1547 [of the Vehicle Code].” Petrocsko v. Dept. of Transp., Bureau of Driver Li censing, 745 A.2d 714, 716 (Pa.Cmwlth.2000). In the instant case, it is undisputed that although Solomon used expletives, he did say “do what you’ve got to do.” N.T. at 19, 33; R.R. at 11a, 15a. At that point he was deemed to be in refusal and was escorted out of the room. N.T. at 19; R.R. at 11a. Although Solomon’s expletives were inappropriate, his response as a whole was certainly ambiguous and not an explicit refusal. Solomon’s response could have been fairly taken to mean go ahead with the chemical test. The officer should have made an attempt at that point to confirm whether Solomon would submit to testing. Instead, the officer escorted him out of the room and immediately deemed a refusal. This fact further illustrates Penn-DOT’s failure to prove that Solomon was offered “a meaningful opportunity to comply.” See Petrocsko. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in holding that Penn-DOT failed to prove that Solomon refused chemical testing.

Even if Solomon’s expletives were found to be a refusal, Solomon’s license suspension must be vacated because of our prior determination regarding whether Officer Muscarnero had reasonable grounds to believe that Solomon was operating his vehicle while intoxicated.

In order to support a one-year suspension of operating privileges imposed in conformity with 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b) as a consequence of a chemical test refusal related to an arrest for violating 75 Pa.C.S. § 3802, the Bureau must establish that 1) the licensee was arrested for violating Section 3802 [ (relating to DUI) ]; 2) by a police officer who had reasonable grounds to believe that the licensee was operating a vehicle while in violation of Section 3802; 3) that the licensee was requested to submit to a chemical test; 4) that the licensee refused to do so; and 5) that the police officer fulfilled the duty imposed by 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b)(2)....

Quick v. Dept. of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, 915 A.2d 1268, 1271 (Pa.Cmwlth.2007). As this Court has found that officer Muscarnero did not have reasonable grounds to believe that Solomon was operating his vehicle while intoxicated, the one year suspension cannot be supported. Accordingly, the trial court properly rescinded Solomon’s one year license suspension.

For these reasons, the order of the trial court is affirmed.

ORDER

AND NOW, this 30th day of January, 2009, the January 11, 2008 order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County is hereby affirmed.

. The decision in this case was reached before January 1, 2009, when Judge Friedman assumed the status of senior judge.

. The OConnell warnings are a statement of an operators rights pursuant to section 1547 of the Vehicle Code, as amended, 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547, commonly known as the Implied Consent Law. See Department of Transportation v. OConnell, 521 Pa. 242, 555 A.2d 873 (1989).

. This Courts scope of review in a license suspension case is limited to determining whether the trial courts findings of facts are supported by competent evidence and whether the trial court committed an error of law or an abuse of discretion. Orloff v. Dept. of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, 912 A.2d 918 (Pa.Cmwlth.2006).