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Berry v. State

2025-03-04

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed Berry's convictions, rejecting both his challenge to the denial of the directed verdict motion and his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim on the ground that it was waived.

Christopher Berry was convicted of malice murder and related crimes in connection with the shooting death of Cordeldrick Brooks. Berry appealed on two grounds: first, that the trial court improperly denied his motion for directed verdict because co-defendant Kameron Reese's incriminating statements lacked corroboration, and second, that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to hearsay testimony about his cell phone records. The Georgia Supreme Court rejected both arguments, finding that the jury could reasonably have concluded Reese was not an accomplice based on evidence that Reese tried to stop the violence and was unaware of Appellant's intent to shoot Brooks, thus eliminating the statutory corroboration requirement. The court also found that Berry's ineffective-assistance claim was procedurally waived because he failed to raise it in his trial court motion for new trial.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether accomplice corroboration was required when a jury could find the witness was not an accomplice
  • Whether a motion for directed verdict was properly denied given Reese's testimony and supporting physical evidence
  • Whether an ineffective-assistance claim was waived by failure to raise it in the trial court motion for new trial

Procedural posture

Berry appealed his convictions from a jury trial held in April 2018, with the appeal reaching the Georgia Supreme Court after the trial court denied his motion for new trial in July 2019.

Authorities cited

Opinion

majority opinion

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to modification resulting from motions for reconsideration under Supreme Court Rule 27, the Court’s reconsideration, and editorial revisions by the Reporter of Decisions. The version of the opinion published in the Advance Sheets for the Georgia Reports, designated as the “Final Copy,” will replace any prior version on the Court’s website and docket. A bound volume of the Georgia Reports will contain the final and official text of the opinion.

In the Supreme Court of Georgia

Decided: March 4, 2025

S25A0212. BERRY v. THE STATE.

COLVIN, Justice.

Appellant Christopher Berry appeals his convictions for malice

murder and other crimes related to the shooting death of

Cordeldrick Laquinn Brooks. 1 Appellant argues that the trial court

1 The crimes occurred on September 22, 2015. On December 15, 2015, a

Richmond County grand jury returned an eight-count indictment against

Appellant and Kameron Reese and a seven-count indictment against

Samantha Griffin. Appellant was charged with malice murder (Count 1),

felony murder (Count 2), kidnapping (Count 3), criminal attempt to commit

armed robbery (Count 4), hijacking of a motor vehicle (Count 5), arson in the

second degree (Count 6), possession of a firearm during the commission of a

crime (Count 7), and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon (Count 8).

Before trial, Reese pled guilty to some of the charges against him pursuant to

a negotiated plea deal and agreed to testify for the State. Griffin was set to be

tried separately from Appellant.

A jury trial was held from April 24 through 28, 2018. Count 4 was nol

prossed, and the jury found Appellant guilty on all the remaining counts. The

trial court sentenced Appellant to life in prison for malice murder (Count 1)

and for kidnapping (Count 3). The trial court also imposed ten-year concurrent

prison sentences for hijacking a motor vehicle (Count 5) and arson in the

second degree (Count 6) and five-year consecutive prison sentences for

possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime (Count 7) and

erred in denying his motion for directed verdict and that trial

counsel was ineffective for failing to object to hearsay. As explained

below, however, Appellant has not shown that the trial court erred

in denying his motion for directed verdict, and his ineffectiveassistance-of-counsel claim is waived. Accordingly, we affirm his

convictions.

1. The trial evidence showed the following. Toni Murray, the

mother of Brooks’s child, testified that Brooks left their home

driving a white GMC Envoy on the night of September 21, 2015. Cell

phone records and mapping data showed that Brooks’s cell phone

was in “the North Augusta area” between 3:18 a.m. and 3:41 a.m. on

September 22, 2015. Brooks’s phone number then interacted with

co-defendant Kameron Reese’s phone number a total of six times

possession of a firearm by a convicted felon (Count 8). Appellant’s felonymurder count (Count 2) was vacated by operation of law.

Appellant moved for a new trial on April 30, 2018, and amended the

motion through new counsel on March 19, 2019. The trial court entered an

order denying Appellant’s motion for new trial on July 30, 2019, and Appellant

timely filed a notice of appeal directed to this Court on August 20, 2019. The

appeal was docketed to this Court’s term beginning in December 2024 and

submitted for a decision on the briefs.

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between 4:00 a.m. and 4:08 a.m. By 4:08 a.m., Brooks’s cell phone

had traveled to downtown Augusta where Brooks’s and Reese’s cell

phones were “hitting off the same tower” and where Samantha

Griffin lived.

At trial, Reese testified that he had pled guilty to some of the

charges and that he was required to testify pursuant to his plea

agreement. Reese was nevertheless a hostile witness for the State,

and the State admitted and played for the jury portions of Reese’s

police interview. In his police interview, Reese made the following

statements. On the night of September 21, 2015, Brooks came to

Griffin’s home, where Reese, Appellant, and Griffin were present.

When Brooks entered Griffin’s home, Appellant “rushed” up to

Brooks at the door with a gun, hit Brooks in the face with the gun,

told him to move, and began “talking s**t.” Reese told Appellant to

put his gun away, and, when Brooks asked Reese to tell Appellant

not to hurt him, Reese reassured Brooks, saying, “ain’t nothing

[go]nna happen.” Brooks then told Appellant that he knew where

some “weed” was, and that he could take Appellant to a hotel to

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purchase some. Brooks asked Reese to ride along with him and

Appellant because Brooks was afraid to travel with Appellant alone.

And at some point, Appellant made Brooks strip before making him

put his clothes back on without his boxers, shoes, or socks.

Reese said that Reese, Brooks, and Appellant got into the

Envoy, and that Brooks drove them some way before reaching the

intersection of Lumpkin and Old McDuffie Roads. Cellular location

data confirmed that Reese’s cellular device was present in the area

of that intersection around 5:16 a.m. And Reese told police that, once

Brooks got to the intersection, Brooks jerked the car to the right and

hit a pole. Reese said he opened his door to get out of the vehicle and

began to run away before hearing three gun shots. And he claimed

throughout his police interview that “I didn’t take [Brooks] for a

ride,” “I didn’t know [Appellant] was gonna do that,” “I never had a

gun,” and “I didn’t go along with it.”

Reese gave different versions of how he fled the scene during

the police interview. At one point, he claimed that a Toyota Camry

picked him up as he was running away. But he later claimed that

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Appellant drove the wrecked Envoy to pick him up; that during the

car ride from the scene, Appellant said that he shot Brooks; and that

Reese and Appellant set the Envoy on fire. Cell phone records

showed that Reese’s and Appellant’s phone numbers interacted

seven times between 5:16 a.m. and 5:23 a.m. that day.

A witness who was traveling through the area that morning

testified that he found Brooks lying injured and without shoes at the

intersection of Lumpkin and Old McDuffie Roads. When officers

arrived at the scene, they found Brooks, a damaged telephone pole,

and a vehicle bumper and grill lying nearby.

Brooks died shortly after the incident. A medical examiner

testified that Brooks sustained two gunshot wounds — one to the

back and one to the left hip — and that he died from “gunshot

wounds of [the] torso.”

2. Appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying his

motion for a directed verdict because there was no evidence

corroborating co-defendant Reese’s statement inculpating

Appellant. This claim fails.

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“The standard of review for the denial of a motion for a directed

verdict of acquittal is the same as for determining the sufficiency of

the evidence to support a conviction.” Clements v. State, 317 Ga. 772,

783 (1) (896 SE2d 549) (2023) (citation and punctuation omitted). To

assess the sufficiency of the evidence,

we view all of the evidence presented at trial in the light

most favorable to the verdicts and ask whether any

rational trier of fact could have found the defendant guilty

beyond a reasonable doubt of the crimes of which he was

convicted.

Id. at 789 (4) (citation and punctuation omitted).

Georgia law provides that in “‘felony cases where the only

witness is an accomplice, the testimony of a single witness shall not

be sufficient’ to support a defendant’s convictions” absent

corroboration. Caldwell v. State, 313 Ga. 640, 643 (1) (872 SE2d 712)

(2022) (quoting OCGA § 24-14-8). However, “when the issue of

whether a witness was an accomplice was submitted to the jury and

there was evidence allowing the jury to find that the witness was

not an accomplice, corroborating evidence is not required to sustain

a guilty verdict on appeal.” Id. at 644 (1) (emphasis in original). And

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we have held that a jury can find that a witness was not an

accomplice even if, as here, the witness pled guilty to charges. See

id. (noting that “even [the] joint indictment and guilty plea of [a]

witness do[ ] not eliminate the jury question as to whether the

witness was an accomplice”).

Here, the jury was properly instructed on the requirement for

corroboration of an accomplice’s testimony and was authorized,

based on the evidence presented at trial, to find that Reese was not

an accomplice, making corroboration unnecessary as a matter of

Georgia statutory law. See id. at 645 (1). Specifically, the jury heard

evidence that Reese tried to get Appellant to put his gun away after

pointing it at Brooks; that Reese only rode with Brooks and

Appellant because Brooks asked him out of fear of Appellant; that

only Appellant had a gun; that Reese did not know Appellant would

shoot Brooks; and that, by the time the shots were fired, Reese was

running away from the crash. Based on this evidence, the jury could

have reasonably concluded that Reese was not an accomplice. And

as a result, the trial court did not err in denying Appellant’s motion

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for directed verdict. See id. (holding that the properly-instructed

jury could have found that “[the State’s sole witness implicating the

appellant in the crimes] was not an accomplice” because the jury was

“instructed on the pertinent legal principles, the general verdict did

not specify whether the jury found that [the witness] was an

accomplice, and the jury could have inferred from [the witness’s]

testimony that she had no prior knowledge of [the appellant’s] intent

to shoot [the victim] or do anything other than buy marijuana”);

Fisher v. State, 309 Ga. 814, 819 (2) (a) (848 SE2d 434) (2020)

(holding that “[t]he jury could . . . determine that [the witness] was

not an accomplice,” and thus that corroboration was not necessary,

where the jury was “properly charged” and was “authorized to credit

[the witness’s] testimony that he had no prior knowledge that [the

appellant] would shoot or kill [the victim] and that [the witness]

drove [the appellant] away from the shooting out of fear that [the

appellant] might shoot him too”); State v. Grier, 309 Ga. 452, 454-456 (1) (2) (847 SE2d 313) (2020) (holding that the “evidence

authorized the jury to find that [a witness] was not an accomplice at

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all” where he testified that he wanted “nothing to do with” holding

the victims at gunpoint, despite the fact that he testified to being

present when the armed robbery was planned and carried out,

fleeing with the coconspirators, and receiving money to “stay quiet”).

3. Appellant also claims that trial counsel was ineffective for

failing to object on hearsay grounds to Investigator Ken Rogers’s

testimony identifying Appellant’s phone number. This claim,

however, is waived. In Appellant’s amended motion for new trial,

which he filed through new counsel, Appellant asserted only that

trial counsel was ineffective for “fail[ing] to counsel [Appellant] on

the importance of the cell-phone records.”2 He did not assert that

trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to Investigator

Rogers’s testimony identifying Appellant’s phone number. Thus,

this claim is not properly before us on appeal. See Jones v. State, 294

Ga. 501, 503 (2) (755 SE2d 131) (2014) (concluding that the

appellant’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim was not properly

before us because the appellant did not specifically raise the issue

2 Appellant later withdrew this claim, and he does not pursue it here.

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asserted on appeal “in his motion . . . or at the hearing” in the trial

court).

Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.

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