IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION ONE
TSIGEREDA TEKLU, ) No. 82649-2-I
)
Respondent, )
)
v. )
)
DJAMSHID SETAYESH, ) PUBLISHED OPINION
)
Appellant. )
)
VERELLEN, J. — The general rule in Washington “subject to some
exceptions and qualifications” is that a document that transfers an interest in land
must contain a legal description to satisfy the statute of frauds. But one
recognized exception to Washington’s strict legal description requirement is
reference to an assessor’s tax parcel number. Specifically, if a document
transferring an interest in land contains the tax parcel number and the county in
which the property is located, that reference is sufficient to satisfy the statute of
frauds if the tax parcel number refers a person of “ordinary intelligence” to records
on file in the county assessor’s office or in turn to documents on record with the
county auditor containing the complete legal description. Such a reference to the
tax parcel number and county “furnishes the legal description of the real property No. 82649-2-I/2
involved with sufficient definiteness and certainty to meet the requirements of the
statute of frauds.”1
Here, because the purchase and sale agreement that Djamshid Setayesh
entered into with Tsigereda Teklu contained the tax parcel number and the county
in which the property was located, the agreement referred a person of ordinary
intelligence to the property account summary containing the “sales history table”
on file in the Snohomish County assessor’s office, which in turn referred such a
person to the complete legal description in the six most recent deeds to the
property on record with the Snohomish County auditor. Here, the inclusion of the
tax parcel number coupled with the county in which the property was located
satisfied the legal description requirement of the statute of frauds.
Therefore, we affirm.
FACTS
Djamshid Setayesh owned a parcel of real property in Lynnwood,
Washington. On October 7, 2015, Setayesh entered into a lease agreement, a
purchase and sale agreement, and an option to purchase agreement with
Tsigereda Teklu. The agreements provided Teklu with a five-year lease and an
option to purchase the property “on or before October 2020.”2
The property was identified in the purchase and sale agreement as Tax
Parcel No. 27041700100700 (Snohomish County), 6416 180th Street SW
1 Bingham v. Sherfey, 38 Wn.2d 886, 889, 234 P.2d 489 (1951).
2 Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 140, 143.
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Lynnwood, Washington, 98037. The agreement also provided that the legal
description was “Attached as Exhibit A,”3 but there was no Exhibit A attached.
On September 4, 2019, Teklu exercised the option. Setayesh refused to
sell Teklu the property. Teklu brought an action for specific performance against
Setayesh.
About a year later, Teklu filed a summary judgment motion. Teklu argued
that either she was entitled to specific performance by the terms of the purchase
and sale agreement or, in the alternative, based upon part performance. Setayesh
responded that the purchase and sale agreement was unenforceable for failure to
contain an adequate legal description of the property and that Teklu could not
establish her claim of part performance as a matter of law.
The court granted Teklu’s summary judgment motion. Setayesh filed a
motion for reconsideration, arguing that Teklu failed to proffer adequate evidence
to support her claim that using the tax parcel number in a county records search
would reveal documents containing a complete legal description of the property.
The court granted Setayesh’s motion for reconsideration and vacated its initial
order.
The next year, Teklu filed a second summary judgment motion, explaining
step-by-step how a person could enter the tax parcel number into the assessor’s
website and find the assessor’s property account summary with an abbreviated
legal description, together with a sales history table referencing the documents on
3 CP at 128.
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file with the county auditor, including the six most recent deeds to the property
containing a complete legal description. Setayesh filed a cross motion for
summary judgment, again arguing that the purchase and sale agreement failed to
comply with the legal description requirement of the statute of frauds and that
Teklu did not establish part performance.
On April 23, 2021, in separate orders, the trial court granted Teklu’s
summary judgment motion and denied Setayesh’s cross motion for summary
judgment. The court concluded the purchase and sale agreement satisfied the
statute of frauds because the tax parcel number coupled with the county in which
the property was located constituted a sufficient legal description. The court also
granted Teklu attorney fees and costs.
Setayesh appeals.
ANALYSIS
I. Statute of Frauds
Setayesh argues that the trial court erred in granting Teklu specific
performance of the purchase and sale agreement because the agreement did not
contain a legal description required by the statute of frauds.
We review an order granting summary judgment de novo.4 “Summary
judgment is proper only when there are no genuine issues of material fact and the
4Marina Condo. Homeowner’s Ass’n v. Stratford at Marina, LLC, 161 Wn. App. 249, 255, 254 P.3d 827 (2011) (citing Hadley v. Maxwell, 144 Wn.2d 306, 310, 27 P.3d 600 (2001)).
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moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”5 In reviewing an order of
summary judgment, “we engage in the same inquiry as the trial court, considering
the facts and all reasonable inferences from the facts in the light most favorable to
the nonmoving party.”6
The general rule in Washington, “subject to some exceptions and
qualifications[,] is that a document that transfers an interest in land must describe
the land by its full legal description” to satisfy the statute of frauds.7 In Martin v.
Seigel,8 our Supreme Court held that a legal description must be “sufficiently
definite” to locate the land “without recourse to oral testimony.”9 And in Turpen v.
Johnson,10 our Supreme Court further explained that a legal description is
sufficient “if a person of ordinary intelligence and understanding can successfully
use the description in an attempt to locate and identify the particular property
sought to be conveyed.”11
5 Id. (citing CR 56(c)).
6
Id. (citing Right-Price Recreation, LLC v. Connells Prairie Cmty. Council, 146 Wn.2d 370, 381, 46 P.3d 789 (2002)).
7
18 W ILLIAM B. STOEBUCK AND JOHN W. WEAVER, W ASHINGTON PRACTICE: REAL ESTATE: PROPERTY LAW § 13.3, at 78 (2004).
8 35 Wn.2d 223, 212 P.2d 107 (1949).
9Id. at 227 (quoting Martinson v. Cruikshank, 3 Wn.2d 565, 101 P.2d 604 (1940); see also Ecolite Mfg. Co., Inc. v. R.A. Hanson Co., Inc., 43 Wn. App. 267, 271, 716 P.2d 937 (1986).
10 26 Wn.2d 716, 175 P.2d 495 (1946).
11 Id. at 728-29.
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One of the recognized exceptions to Washington’s strict legal description
requirement is reference to the tax parcel number.12 Specifically, our Supreme
Court explored the reference to the tax parcel number exception in Bingham v.
Sherfey.13
In Bingham, the sole question was whether the legal description in the
option to purchase satisfied the statute of frauds.14 The option described the
property as:
Tax No. 3, in Section Thirty-one, in Township Twelve, North,
of Range Forty-two, as at present designated on the tax rolls in the
office of the County Assessor of said county, being all of that part of
the following described tract of land, to wit:
Beginning at a point on the North line of Main Street in the
City of Pomeroy, 394 feet East of the West line of Northeast quarter
of Southwest quarter of said Section Thirty-one; thence North 5
[degrees] West 325 feet; thence East 198 feet; thence North 937 feet
to North line of Southwest quarter of said Section Thirty-one; thence
West 96 feet to the county road, thence along the east line of county
road South 29 [degrees] West 265 feet; thence South 16 [degrees]
20́ West 248 feet; thence South 16 [degrees] 15́ West 455 feet;
thence South 32́ West 357 feet to Main Street, thence East 284 feet
to starting point.[15]
12 One recognized exception is express incorporation by reference where the document transferring the interest in land “expressly incorporates an attached exhibit.” Commentators note that there is “also a branch of incorporation by reference that may be called ‘judicial incorporation.’” They conclude description by reference to a tax lot number is one form of such a “judicial incorporation.” 18 STOEBUCK AND W EAVER, § 13.3, at 83. Although no case law or other authority appears to acknowledge the “judicial incorporation” classification or taxonomy in this setting.
13 38 Wn.2d 886, 234 P.2d 489 (1951).
14 Id. at 887.
15 Id.
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Our Supreme Court held that the legal description satisfied the statute of frauds.16
The court noted that the only information necessary to satisfy the legal description
requirement was the first paragraph of the description which stated, “Tax No. 3,
. . . as at present designated on the tax rolls in the office of the County Assessor of
said county.” 17 The court observed that the second paragraph attempting a metes
and bounds description, was merely “surplusage.”18 The court reasoned that the
description of properties by tax parcel number is “sanctioned by statute,”19 and
case law establishes that in other proceedings, such as tax foreclosure
proceedings, the court has accepted legal descriptions by tax parcel number.20
16 Id. at 889.
17 Id. at 888.
18 Id.
19 Id. (“REM. REV. STAT., §11137 provides: ‘The assessor shall list all real property according to the largest legal subdivision as near as practicable. The assessor shall make out in the plat and description book in numerical order a complete list of all lands or lots subject to taxation, . . . ; provided, that the assessor shall give to each tract of land where described by metes and bounds a number, to be designated as Tax No. ___, which said number shall be placed on the tax-rolls to indicate that certain piece of real property bearing such number, and described by metes and bounds in the plat and description book here in mentioned.’”). RCW 84.40.160, the current version of this same statute, continues to require the assessor “give to each tract of land where described by metes and bounds a number, to be designated as Tax No. [___], which said number shall be placed on the tax rolls to indicate that certain piece of real property bearing such number, and described by metes and bounds in the plat and description book herein mentioned.”
20 See Turpen, 26 Wn.2d at 728 (our Supreme Court held that the property was sufficiently described by its tax parcel number (“Assessor’s Tax Lot No. 22 of Niels Hendrichsen D.L.C.”) for the purposes of a tax foreclosure proceeding even though the metes and bounds description was erroneous); City of Centralia v. Miller, 31 Wn.2d 417, 428-30, 197 P.2d 244 (1948) (our Supreme Court held that
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And the court upheld the rule from Martin and Turpen that a legal description is
sufficient if a person of ordinary intelligence can locate the property without
recourse to oral testimony or if it is referenced in another “instrument” that contains
a sufficient description.21 Therefore, Bingham recognizes “that a reference to this
public record [the assessor’s tax parcel number and county] furnishes the legal
description of the real property involved with sufficient definiteness and certainty to
meet the requirements of the statute of frauds.”22
Further, in Washington Practice: Real Estate Transactions, Stoebuck and
Weaver, in discussing Bingham, recognize that reference to the tax parcel number
“in effect” incorporates “the system of recorded instruments of a county auditor.”23
Specifically, Stoebuck and Weaver note that reference to the tax parcel number “is
truly an exception to the strict rule that the description must be found within the
four corners of the instrument, for one has to search at least the assessor’s
records, and perhaps also the auditor’s, to obtain the legal description.”24 We
agree.
Here, the property was identified in the purchase and sale agreement as
Tax Parcel No. 27041700100700 (Snohomish County), 6416 180th Street SW
the property was sufficiently described by its tax parcel number, township, and range in Lewis County, Washington for the purposes of a quiet title action).
21 Bingham, 38 Wn.2d at 888-89.
22 Id. at 889.
23
18 W ILLIAM B. STOEBUCK AND JOHN W. WEAVER, W ASHINGTON PRACTICE: REAL ESTATE: PROPERTY LAW § 13.3, at 83 (2004).
24 Id.
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Lynnwood, Washington, 98037.25 It is undisputed that the reference to the tax
parcel number in the purchase and sale agreement leads to the “Snohomish
County Property Account Summary” located on the Snohomish County tax
assessor’s website. The property account summary describes the property as
“SEC 17 TWP 27 RGE 04RT-1B-1) N 130FT OF E 190FT OF NW 1/4 NE 1/4
LESS RDS.”26
The reference to the tax parcel number and to Snohomish County in the
agreement refers a person of ordinary intelligence to the tax assessor’s records,
here, the Snohomish County property account summary, including an abbreviated
legal description and a sales history table. And that abbreviated legal description,
coupled with the list of documents pertaining to the six most recent sales of the
property, refers a person of ordinary intelligence to the Snohomish County
auditor’s official records, including the six most recent deeds each containing a
complete legal description. Specifically, the deeds describe the property as, “THE
NORTH 130 FEET OF THE EAST 190 FEET OF THE NORTHEAST QUARTER
OF THE NORTHWEST QUARTER OF THE NORTHEAST QUARTER OF
SECTION 17, TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 4 EAST, W.M. IN SNOHOMISH
COUNTY, WASHINGTON, EXCEPT THE NORTH 30 FEET AND THE EAST 30
FEET THEREOF, FOR ROAD.”27
25 CP at 128.
26 CP at 74.
27 CP at 111-23.
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Therefore, the requirements of Martin and Turpen are satisfied by means of
reference to the tax parcel number recognized in Bingham as an exception to the
otherwise very strict statute of frauds requirements in Washington. Setayesh’s
arguments in opposition confuse the law regarding Bingham and its implications.
First, Setayesh argues that Bingham is distinguishable because the option
to purchase in Bingham contained an incorporation by reference to the tax parcel
number “as at present designated on the tax rolls.”28 But the verbiage “as at
present designated on the tax rolls” is not a requirement for the reference to the
tax parcel number exception approved in Bingham. Simply stating the correct tax
parcel number and the county is adequate. We agree with Stoebuck and
Weaver’s reading of Bingham that a metes and bounds description is not required
where the tax parcel number is provided and it is clear what county is involved.
Setayesh also contends that because the legal description in the assessor’s
records is inconsistent with the legal description in the records on file with the
county auditor, the reference to the tax parcel number exception does not satisfy
the statute of frauds. Specifically, the Snohomish County property account
summary in the assessor’s records provides that the property is the “NW 1/4 NE
1/4,” which is different from the complete legal description in the auditor’s records,
which provides that the property is located on the “northeast quarter of the
northwest quarter.”29
28 Appellant’s Br. at 13.
29 CP at 104, 111.
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But the assessor’s property account summary is not limited to the
abbreviated legal description that appears to reverse “NW 1/4” and “NE 1/4.”30
Notably, the assessor’s property account summary also includes a sales history
table that expressly identifies six prior sales dating from 2005 to 2015, listing for
each sale the grantor, the grantee, and the recording date of the transfer
documents. And, as set forth in detail in the declaration of Ryan Dyer, the
documents pertaining to those prior sales are available by entering the tax parcel
number in the Snohomish County official records website. Such an official records
search lists all of the officially recorded documents pertaining to the property on
file with the Snohomish County auditor, including the six most recent deeds
corresponding with the six most recent sales listed in the sales history table. And
the deeds associated with those transactions contain a complete legal description
of the property. Therefore, the discrepancy in the abbreviated legal description
contained in the property account summary must be considered in the context of
the sales history table included in the assessor’s property account summary. And,
in turn, the sales history table refers a person of ordinary intelligence to the
complete legal description in the deeds associated with that sales history on file
with the county auditor.
Setayesh also argues that Teklu cannot rely on the public records to furnish
a legal description because they “constitute extrinsic evidence which Martin held
30 CP at 104.
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was impermissible.”31 But the holding in Martin was more limited. In concluding
that a street address alone was insufficient to satisfy the legal description
requirement of the statute of frauds, our Supreme Court in Martin noted that a
supplemental document containing a legal description does not satisfy the statute
of frauds unless it is incorporated because otherwise “parol evidence would have
to be resorted to.”32 But the distinction the court made in Martin is not applicable
here because, consistent with Bingham, the reference in the purchase and sale
agreement to the tax parcel number refers a person of ordinary intelligence to the
assessor’s records noted in the property tax summary and in turn to the auditor’s
documents containing a complete legal description. Such a reference to the tax
parcel number does not implicate parol evidence as the court contemplated in
Martin.33
Finally, we recognize that it is necessary to document in any particular case
how the tax parcel number can lead to specific assessor’s records and how, if
necessary, those records may in turn refer a person to specific documents in the
auditor’s records. Teklu adequately made such a showing here. We also confirm
the best practice clearly remains to expressly recite the complete legal description
in the agreement purporting to transfer the property or to expressly incorporate by
31 Appellant’s Br. 15-19.
32 Martin, 35 Wn.2d at 226-28.
33 Because we conclude that the inclusion of the tax parcel number judicially incorporated the public records containing a complete legal description into the purchase and sale agreement, we need not address Teklu’s alternative claim for part performance.
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reference an attached document containing a complete legal description. But
under the right circumstances, a reference to a tax parcel number and county can
satisfy the legal description requirement of the statute of frauds.
II. Attorney Fees
Setayesh argues the trial court erred by awarding attorney fees and costs to
Teklu. The lease and the purchase and sale agreement both provide for attorney
fees and costs to the prevailing party in litigation. Because Teklu prevailed at trial,
she was entitled to attorney fees and costs incurred in the trial court.
Therefore, we affirm.
WE CONCUR:
13