[Cite as State v. Maynard, 2025-Ohio-5379.]
COURT OF APPEALS
LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO, Case No. 2025 CA 00024
Plaintiff - Appellee / Opinion & Judgment Entry
Cross-Appellant
Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas
-vs- of Licking County,
Case No. 2024 CR 00699
DANA L. MAYNARD,
Judgment: Affirmed
Defendant - Appellant /
Cross-Appellee Date of Judgment: December 1, 2025
BEFORE: William B. Hoffman; Kevin W. Popham; David M. Gormley, Judges
APPEARANCES: Kenneth W. Oswalt, Licking County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office, Newark, Ohio, for Plaintiff-Appellee/Cross-Appellant; Christopher D. Brigdon, Thornville, Ohio, for Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee.
Gormley, J.
{¶1} Appellant Dana Maynard argues in this appeal that the evidence presented
at his trial was insufficient to support his convictions for obstructing official business and
operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol. Because we conclude that sufficient
evidence was presented at Maynard’s bench trial on those charges, and because we
conclude that our ruling on that issue in turn moots the State’s cross-appeal, we affirm
the trial court’s judgment.
The Key Facts
{¶2} One evening in October 2024, Trooper Wathey from the Ohio State
Highway Patrol was traveling east on Interstate 70 when he noticed a stationary vehicle at the roadside with its hazard lights on. Trooper Wathey initiated a welfare-check traffic
stop.
{¶3} Dana Maynard and his brother were standing next to the stopped vehicle,
and the brother was pouring gas from a canister into the vehicle’s tank. Trooper Wathey
spoke with the brother and determined that Dana Maynard had been driving the vehicle
that evening and had run out of gas. And the trooper’s observations of and interactions
with Maynard in the minutes that followed led the trooper to conclude that Maynard was
intoxicated. Maynard was placed under arrest.
{¶4} When Maynard would not consent to any chemical tests for alcohol
consumption, troopers took him to a nearby hospital, and they obtained a search warrant
from a judge for a blood draw. Maynard then refused to cooperate with the blood draw,
requiring Trooper Wathey and one of his colleagues, as well as hospital staff, to hold
Maynard down while a phlebotomist withdrew some blood from him. Because Maynard
had refused to cooperate, the blood draw took more time for the hospital’s staff to
complete than a typical blood draw.
{¶5} Soon thereafter, Maynard was indicted on one third-degree-felony count of
operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol (OVI) under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a)
(alleging that he had earlier been convicted on a felony OVI charge) and one seconddegree-misdemeanor count of obstructing official business. It was a month later when
the State received the lab report for Maynard’s blood test from the Ohio State Highway
Patrol. And it was another two months until a superseding indictment was issued
containing the original charges plus a second F3 charge of operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(f) (again listing the charge as a second
felony OVI offense and alleging a whole-blood test result above the .17 high-test limit).
{¶6} Two days before trial, Maynard filed a motion to sever the OVI counts in the
indictment and a motion to suppress the results of the blood test. The following day, the
trial court, without waiting for a response from the State, granted Maynard’s motion to
sever the OVI counts.
{¶7} After a bench trial on the two initial charges only, the trial judge found
Maynard guilty on both the OVI charge and the obstructing-official-business charge. At
a sentencing hearing, the trial judge imposed a prison term of 36 months on the OVI
charge as well as a concurrent jail term of 30 days on the misdemeanor obstructing
charge. The State then dismissed the high-test OVI charge.
{¶8} Maynard now appeals his convictions on both the OVI charge and the
obstructing-official-business charge, and the State appeals the trial court’s decision to
sever the two OVI charges (and its decision to do so without waiting for the State to be
heard on Maynard’s severance motion) as well as the trial court’s decision barring the
State from presenting evidence about the blood-test results at the bench trial.
Maynard’s Convictions Were Supported by Sufficient Evidence
{¶9} In his first assignment of error, Maynard argues that the State failed to
present sufficient evidence that he operated a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.
In his second assignment of error, Maynard argues that the State failed to present
sufficient evidence that his actions hampered or impeded a public official’s performance
of lawful duties. Because both of Maynard’s assignments of error focus on the sufficiency
of the evidence presented at his trial, we will address them together.
{¶10} “When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, an appellate court does
not ask whether the evidence should be believed but, rather, whether the evidence, ‘if
believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt.’” State v. Pountney, 2018-Ohio-22, ¶ 19, quoting State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d
259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. “‘The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing
the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could
have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.’”
State v. Howell, 2020-Ohio-174, ¶ 28 (5th Dist.), quoting Jenks at paragraph two of the
syllabus. A “verdict will not be disturbed unless the appellate court finds that reasonable
minds could not reach the conclusion reached by the trier-of-fact.” State v. Dennis, 79
Ohio St.3d 421, 430 (1997).
The OVI Conviction
{¶11} In his challenge to the evidence supporting his conviction for operating a
vehicle under the influence of alcohol, Maynard claims that the State failed to present
sufficient evidence that any operation of the vehicle by him occurred contemporaneously
with his having been under the influence of alcohol.
{¶12} To prove the R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a) OVI charge, the State was of course
required to introduce evidence that Maynard operated a vehicle while under the influence
of alcohol. The term “operate” means “to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle.”
R.C. 4511.01(HHH). And we have explained that the operation of a vehicle in an OVI
case “is a fact that may be proved by circumstantial evidence, which inherently possesses
the same probative value as direct evidence.” State v. Anthony, 2016-Ohio-2905, ¶ 21
(5th Dist.), citing Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d at 272–273. Relevant circumstantial evidence can include “the location of the vehicle, a defendant’s status in relation to the vehicle, and the
absence of other individuals in the same area.” State v. Breucker, 2021-Ohio-31, ¶ 10
(9th Dist.).
{¶13} Although no witness at the trial testified to having seen Maynard drive the
vehicle on the October 2024 evening in question, abundant circumstantial evidence
supports the State’s view on the question. Presented at the trial was evidence that
Maynard was the owner of the vehicle and that his brother was putting gas into the
vehicle’s tank when the trooper first arrived. That brother testified at the trial, and he told
the judge that Maynard had called him around 9:00 p.m. with the news that his vehicle
had run out of gas. Maynard, according to trial testimony, told his brother the location of
his vehicle and asked the brother to bring him some fuel.
{¶14} And the brother testified that he “couldn’t really tell . . . on the phone . . .
what [Maynard’s] condition was,” but he explained that he “found out more what his
condition was after [he] got there.” When the brother arrived, he saw Maynard sitting in
the vehicle. According to the brother’s trial testimony, when Maynard then stepped out
of the vehicle, he was unsteady on his feet, stumbled around, and slurred his speech.
Based on what he had observed at the roadside, the brother said at the trial that he
“figured that [Maynard] was probably intoxicated.”
{¶15} As for Trooper Wathey, he testified that Maynard was standing outside the
vehicle by the time he arrived, and the trooper noted that Maynard appeared to be using
the vehicle to help him maintain his balance. When he interacted with Maynard, Trooper
Wathey could see that Maynard’s eyes were bloodshot, his speech was slow and slurred,
his movements were lethargic, and a strong odor of alcohol was on his breath. The trooper also testified that Maynard exhibited poor dexterity when he tried to remove his
driver’s license or identification card from his wallet, and the trooper explained, too, that
he later observed containers of alcohol in the vehicle, some of which were empty or
partially empty, and at least one of which was still cold to the touch.
{¶16} Although Maynard at the roadside denied having driven the vehicle at all
that day, he declined then to provide to the trooper any information about how either he
or his vehicle had come to be stopped at the side of the road on Interstate 70. Notably,
too, Trooper Wathey and a sergeant from the highway patrol (who arrived at the scene
after Maynard had been placed under arrest) both testified at the trial that the vehicle’s
engine was still warm to the touch when they were at the scene, which suggested to them
that it had been recently driven.
{¶17} No evidence suggesting that anyone other than Maynard had driven the
vehicle was offered at the trial. Our court and others have found some significance in the
inferences that can be drawn when all evidence — albeit circumstantial — points in just
one direction on the possible identity of a vehicle’s operator. See Anthony, 2016-Ohio2905, at ¶ 23 (5th Dist.) (“No one else at the scene claimed to have driven the SUV to the
location where it broke down”); State v. Wayman, 2019-Ohio-1194, ¶ 19 (12th Dist.),
quoting State v. Schultz, 2008-Ohio-4448, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.) (“‘[A] person who is found
passed out in his vehicle on the side of the highway’ may be convicted of operating a
vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs ‘because the jury could infer that the
vehicle was moved to that location’”). Furthermore, the trial judge heard evidence that
Maynard had admitted to having driven the vehicle that day not only when Maynard called
his brother from the roadside to ask him to bring gas to the scene but also in a recorded phone call between Maynard and his brother the next day while Maynard was being held
in the local jail.
{¶18} Maynard suggests in his appellate brief here that perhaps he drank alcohol
only after his car had run out of gas and come to rest on the shoulder of the interstate.
No testimony supporting that theory was presented at the trial, though, and our focus in
evaluating a sufficiency-of-the-evidence claim is on the evidence that was presented
rather than on unexplored and unsupported theories of innocence that might have been
presented. See State v. Cummings, 2024-Ohio-6106, ¶ 23 (10th Dist.) (“Sufficiency of
the evidence is a legal standard that tests whether the evidence introduced at trial is
legally sufficient to support a verdict”) (emphasis added and citation omitted); State v.
Herrera, 2022-Ohio-4769, ¶ 26 (6th Dist.) (same).
{¶19} In any event, Maynard’s theory that he engaged in innocent drinking after
any driving had occurred is contradicted by statements that he himself made at the
roadside. As both Trooper Wathey and his sergeant testified, Maynard, during the
roadside encounter, repeatedly denied having consumed any alcohol that day.
{¶20} “When the state relies on circumstantial evidence to prove an essential
element of the offense charged, there is no need for such evidence to be irreconcilable
with any reasonable theory of innocence in order to support a conviction.” Jenks, 61 Ohio
St.3d at paragraph one of the syllabus. A reasonable trier of fact could find, beyond a
reasonable doubt, that Maynard operated the vehicle and drove it to the roadside location
where the trooper found it and that while operating that vehicle, Maynard was in the
intoxicated state that his brother and Trooper Wathey described in their testimony.
{¶21} Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we
conclude that a reasonable trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that
Maynard operated the vehicle while under the influence. We therefore hold that the State
met its burden of proof on each element of the OVI offense.
The Obstructing-Official-Business Conviction
{¶22} In his challenge to the evidence supporting his conviction for obstructing
official business, Maynard claims that the State failed to present sufficient evidence that
his actions hampered or impeded a public official in the performance of lawful duties.
{¶23} To prove the R.C. 2921.31(A) charge of obstructing official business, the
State was required to introduce evidence that Maynard, without privilege, did an act that
hampered or impeded a public official in the performance of that official’s lawful duties
and that Maynard’s purpose was — in the words of the statute — to “prevent, obstruct or
delay” the public official’s performance of “any authorized act within the public official’s
official capacity.” The offense was charged as a second-degree misdemeanor, so no
additional evidence about Maynard having created a risk of physical harm to a person
under R.C. 2921.31(B) was needed.
{¶24} “The proper focus in a prosecution for obstructing official business is on the
defendant’s conduct, verbal or physical, and its effect on the public official’s ability to
perform the official’s lawful duties.” State v. Wellman, 2007-Ohio-2953, ¶ 12 (1st Dist.).
“The purpose with which a person does an act is determined from the manner in which it
is done, the means used, and all the other facts and circumstances in evidence.” In re
Payne, 2005-Ohio-4849, ¶ 15 (1st Dist.), quoting State v. Hardin, 16 Ohio App.3d 243,
245 (10th Dist. 1984).
{¶25} After Maynard was arrested at the roadside for the OVI offense, Trooper
Wathey asked Maynard, in accordance with R.C. 4511.191(A)(5)(a), to submit to a
chemical test to assist the trooper in determining the amount of alcohol, if any, in
Maynard’s body. When Maynard refused to submit to a chemical test, he was advised
that law-enforcement officers “may employ whatever reasonable means are necessary”
to procure a blood sample from him. R.C. 4511.191(A)(5)(b). Law-enforcement officers
then sought and secured a search warrant for Maynard’s blood. With the signed warrant
in hand, the trooper, in accordance with R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(b), enlisted the help of a
“qualified . . . phlebotomist” to perform the blood draw.
{¶26} At the trial, the State presented the testimony of Hayle Hanzey – a
phlebotomist at Licking Memorial Hospital — who conducted Maynard’s blood draw.
When Ms. Hanzey entered the hospital room where Maynard was seated, she first
inquired whether Maynard was consenting to the blood draw. When she learned that
Maynard was not consenting, she asked to see the search warrant. Once the signed
search warrant had been shown to her, Ms. Hanzey prepared to carry out the blood draw.
{¶27} Hanzey explained in her trial testimony that officers had to hold Maynard
down because he was agitated and violent as she tried to complete her work. Because
Maynard struggled so much during the blood draw, his vein would “blow,” she told the
judge, and so she was unable to obtain a blood sample as quickly as she typically would.
Hanzey testified that Maynard “had good veins,” and she said that she typically would
have been able to draw the blood “in under two minutes,” but Maynard’s blood draw “took
a little while because he was struggling.”
{¶28} “To convict a defendant of obstructing official business, the state does not
need to prove that the defendant successfully prevented an officer from performing his or
her official duties; rather, the state need only introduce evidence demonstrating the
defendant ‘actually interfered with the performance of an official duty and made it more
difficult.’” State v. Alexander, 2017-Ohio-5507, ¶ 21 (12th Dist.), quoting State v.
Standifer, 2012-Ohio-3132, ¶ 28 (12th Dist.).
{¶29} Interference with the execution of a warrant can be sufficient to support a
conviction for obstructing official business. See State v. Santiago, 2016-Ohio-547, ¶ 18
(12th Dist.) (the intentional hindrance of the execution of an arrest warrant is an act that
constitutes obstructing official business). See also State v. Grooms, 2005-Ohio-706, ¶
21 (10th Dist.) (repeated harassment and yelling six inches from officer’s face impeded
his ability to complete paperwork and was sufficient evidence to support conviction for
obstructing official business); State v. Overholt, 1999 WL 635717, *4 (9th Dist. Aug. 18,
1999) (interference with an officer’s attempts to complete an arrest as well as profane
outbursts were sufficient to constitute offense of obstructing official business).
{¶30} In this case, Maynard interfered with the performance of the official duty of
executing the search warrant for his blood. R.C. 4911.19(D)(1)(b) requires that lawenforcement officers rely on the services of trained medical or scientific personnel to
conduct any blood draws in OVI cases, and Maynard’s uncooperativeness with the
phlebotomist enlisted by the trooper slowed down that person’s ability to obtain the blood
sample from Maynard. The delay caused by Maynard’s obstreperous conduct in turn
lengthened the overall time needed by law-enforcement officers to obtain and transport
the blood sample for testing.
{¶31} Maynard’s actions, in our view, “constituted a substantial impediment, even
though not a successful one, to performance by the police.” State v. Gordon, 9 Ohio
App.3d 184, 188 (1st Dist. 1983) (defendant’s act of misdirecting officers who were
pursuing a felon and causing a 15-minute disruption of the officers’ progress toward
apprehending the felon was sufficient to warrant conviction of obstructing official
business). See also Wellman, 2007-Ohio-2953, at ¶ 18 (1st Dist.) (“[w]e do not hold that
any finite period of time constitutes a ‘substantial stoppage,’ be the delay occasioned by
the interference thirty seconds or two minutes”) (citation omitted).
{¶32} Our review of the record shows that a reasonable trier of fact, after viewing
the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, could have found that the State
did prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, all of the elements of obstructing official business.
In short, we find that the evidence was sufficient to support Maynard’s conviction on that
charge.
The State’s Cross-Appeal is Moot
{¶33} In its cross-appeal, the State argues that the trial court abused its discretion
not only by granting Maynard’s motion to sever the two OVI counts but also by granting
that severance motion without waiting for a response from the government. The State
argues, too, that the trial court abused its discretion by ruling that Maynard’s blood-test
results were not relevant or admissible at the trial on the R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a) charge.
{¶34} Even were we to agree with the State that the trial court erred, though, our
judgment — that is, the outcome in this case — would not change. Our conclusion that
the State presented sufficient evidence at the trial to support Maynard’s convictions on
the OVI-impaired charge and the obstructing-official-business charge means that Maynard’s convictions in the case will stand. The State has achieved what we presume
was the government’s desired outcome in this appeal: the affirmance of Maynard’s
convictions.
{¶35} No ruling on the State’s cross-appeal could lead to a more favorable
outcome for the government in its prosecution of this defendant. That means, of course,
that the cross-appeal is moot. See Maurent v. Spatny, 2025-Ohio-5002, ¶ 2 (“An appeal
is moot when a favorable judgment will not secure effective relief for the prevailing party”);
Matter of N.Q., 2024-Ohio-1296, ¶ 8 (2d Dist.) (“Under the mootness doctrine, American
courts will not decide cases where an actual legal controversy no longer exists between
the parties”).
{¶36} And we have no jurisdiction to hear a moot appeal. See State v. White,
2024-Ohio-4654, ¶ 17 (1st Dist.) (“This court lacks jurisdiction to consider the merits of
a moot appeal”); State v. S.B., 2024-Ohio-2080, ¶ 37 (10th Dist.) (“When an appeal is
deemed moot, the case must be dismissed as it no longer presents a justiciable
controversy”).
{¶37} To be sure, the “capable of repetition, yet evading review” doctrine is “an
exception to the general rule against deciding moot issues.” State ex rel. Morrison v.
Beck Energy Corp., 2013-Ohio-356, ¶ 66 fn. 5 (9th Dist.). That doctrine has been limited
in Ohio, though, to circumstances in which there is “a reasonable expectation that the
issue will arise again between the same parties.” State ex rel. Casanova v. Lutz, 2023-Ohio-1225, ¶ 4. See also M.R. v. Niesen, 2022-Ohio-1130, ¶ 12 (“It is not enough for an
issue to be capable of repetition between some parties; the issue must be capable of
repetition between the ‘same’ parties”).
{¶38} We readily conclude that whatever lingering concerns the State may have
about the trial judge’s handling of Maynard’s pretrial motion to sever the OVI charges as
well as that court’s exclusion of the blood-test results at Maynard’s trial on an OVIimpaired charge under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), no reasonable likelihood exists that those
same concerns will arise in any dispute between the State and defendant Maynard. The
capable-of-repetition-yet-evading-review exception to the mootness doctrine therefore
does apply not to the State’s cross-appeal. That cross-appeal is moot, and we decline to
address it.
{¶39} For the reasons explained above, the judgment of the Court of Common
Pleas of Licking County is affirmed. Costs are to be paid by Appellant/Cross-Appellee
Dana L. Maynard.
By: Gormley, J.;
Hoffman, P.J. and
Popham, J. concur.