IN THE
Court of Appeals of Indiana
FILED
Rita Tafelski,
Jul 10 2026, 10:11 am
Appellant CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
v.
Shawn P. Ryan,
Appellee
July 10, 2026
Court of Appeals Case No.
26A-CT-141
Appeal from the St. Joseph Superior Court
The Honorable Jamie C. Woods, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
71D06-2304-CT-192
Opinion by Judge Brown
Judges Bailey and Weissmann concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 1 of 16
Brown, Judge.
[1] Rita Tafelski appeals the denial of her request to amend certain discovery
deadlines and the entry of summary judgment in favor of Shawn P. Ryan. We
reverse and remand.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On January 5, 2023, Tafelski, who was represented by attorneys C. Anthony
Ashford and Joseph Miyake, filed a complaint alleging legal malpractice against
Ryan. She alleged that she retained Ryan to represent her in an estate action,
two defamation lawsuits, and a collection action and that he committed
malpractice by failing to exercise reasonable care in the representation, to
reasonably prosecute the claims, to timely properly advise her, and to
reasonably protect her interests. In October 2023, attorneys Ashford and
Miyake moved to withdraw as Tafelski’s counsel stating there was a breakdown
in communication, and the court granted their request. Also in October 2023,
attorneys Bryan L. Ciyou and Anne M. Lowe filed appearances to represent
Tafelski. On May 24, 2024, attorneys Ciyou and Lowe moved to withdraw
stating there was a breakdown in the attorney-client relationship, and the court
granted the request. On May 25, 2024, attorney Matthew Foster (“Attorney
Foster”) filed an appearance to represent Tafelski.
[3] On May 22, 2025, the court issued a Pre-Trial Conference Order (the “Pre-Trial
Order”) stating: “1. Expert disclosure deadline is July 11, 2025,” “9. Final
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 2 of 16
Pretrial Conference is set for March 20, 2026,” and “11. A jury trial is set for
April 21, 2026.” Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 19.
[4] On June 18, 2025, Attorney Foster filed a Motion for Leave to Withdraw
Appearance, stating that Tafelski “is dissatisfied with [him] and has also failed
to meet her agreed financial obligations” and “[c]ommunications between
[Tafelski] and [him] has [sic] also broken down.” Id. at 21. Attorney Foster
attached a copy of an email he sent to Tafelski on June 18 stating:
This is a more formalized notice of my intent to withdraw as your
attorney. For reasons I’ve shared with you – including your
continued complaints, accusations, and dissatisfaction with me, and
your refusal to pay what you owe me – I cannot continue
representing you in this matter. A draft of the motion I will be filing
this evening is attached.
There are no imminent events scheduled in the case, though certain
deadlines have been set in the Court’s recent pretrial order (which
you’ve already received, but I have attached again). Also, as you
know, [Ryan’s] counsel have asked for supplementation of certain
discovery responses. I am hopeful the attorneys will permit you
additional time to deal with those responses in view of my
withdrawal from the case.
Id. at 23. On June 24, 2025, the court set a hearing on Attorney Foster’s
motion to withdraw for July 23, 2025.
[5] On June 30, 2025, the parties by their counsel filed a “Joint Motion to Stagger
Expert Witness Disclosure Deadlines” which requested the court to stagger the
expert witness disclosure deadlines with Tafelski’s deadline on July 11, 2025,
Ryan’s deadline on August 25, and Tafelski’s rebuttal expert witness deadline
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 3 of 16
on September 24. 1 Id. at 25. On July 1, 2025, the court issued an order
granting the joint motion providing:
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED THAT the expert witness
disclosure deadlines are as follows:
a. [Tafelski’s] expert witness disclosure deadline = July 11,
2025
b. [Ryan’s] expert witness disclosure deadline = August 25,
2025 (45 days after [Tafelski’s] deadline)
c. [Tafelski’s] rebuttal expert witness disclosure deadline =
September 24, 2025 (30 days after [Ryan’s] deadline)
d. Expert Discovery Deadline = October 31, 2025
Id. at 27. The order indicated that it was distributed to all counsel of record.
[6] On July 23, 2025, the court held a hearing at which Tafelski and Attorney
Foster were present and Ryan and his counsel were not present. The court
stated, “[t]he Court set various dates governing this proceeding, including a jury
trial that’s been set,” and “[s]o there’s dates that govern this proceeding” and
asked “[Attorney] Foster has made you aware of that; is that right,” and
Tafelski replied, “Yes, sir.” Transcript Volume II at 8. Tafelski asked “may I
ask for an extension or may I ask how long do I have to find another attorney,”
and the court stated “those are issues that I can’t address right now,” “[t]he
1
The joint motion includes Attorney Foster’s signature. See Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 26 (“s/
Matthew Foster (with permission)”).
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 4 of 16
defense in this case was noticed of a hearing related to one issue, and that’s
[Attorney] Foster’s Motion to Withdraw Appearance,” and “I cannot discuss
with you anything else other than that Motion.” Id. at 10. The court granted
Attorney Foster’s motion to withdraw his appearance.
[7] On August 25, 2025, attorneys Gabriel Hawkins (“Attorney Hawkins”) and
Brett Thomas (“Attorney Thomas”) filed an appearance to represent Tafelski
and a “Motion for Leave to Amend Case Management Deadlines and Set
Scheduling Conference” (the “Motion to Amend Deadlines”). Appellant’s
Appendix Volume II at 30. Tafelski argued that, “[w]hile the Motion to
Withdraw was pending, [her] expert witness disclosure deadline passed” and,
“[g]enerally, an expert witness is required in a legal malpractice claim and if the
case management deadlines are not extended, [she] will be prejudiced, and the
result will be unjust.” Id. at 31. She asked the court to vacate the deadlines and
set a conference to select new case management deadlines including the expert
witness disclosure deadlines. On August 27, 2025, Ryan filed an objection.
[8] On September 15, 2025, the court held a hearing. Tafelski’s counsel, Attorney
Thomas, argued that Tafelski has “had a few attorneys admittedly, but I don’t
know that she . . . should be punished . . . for her attorney failing . . . to file the
expert disclosures and work the case.” Transcript Volume II at 23. He argued
“the offending conduct was primarily attributable to counsel, not the client, and
the prejudices . . . to the opposing party, in our mind, is slight.” Id. at 25.
Ryan’s counsel argued that Tafelski is “not even showing up with an expert and
saying, oh, I’m sorry, here is the reason I missed the deadline, but here is my
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 5 of 16
expert,” “[a]ll of her prior counsel have moved to withdraw on the same basis,
which is a breakdown in communications,” “this is not prior counsel’s fault,
this is [Tafelski] simply not being cooperative with her counsel, that’s why we
don’t have this deadline being met,” and “blowing up this pretrial schedule is
simply going to needlessly delay this case.” Id. at 27-28. The court stated:
“This case has been around two years. The Court had both attorneys on the
line. Anybody could have . . . requested additional time for designation of
experts at the time. The Court would have granted it. The parties obviously
had some discussions about an expert because there was an extension for
[Ryan].” Id. at 32. The court stated “[t]his is a very close call.” Id. at 43.
[9] On September 26, 2025, the court issued an order stating that it took the
Motion to Amend Deadlines under advisement, that the parties agreed to
mediation, and that, if mediation was unsuccessful, it would rule on the
motion. On November 21, 2025, Ryan filed a motion for summary judgment
arguing that, to establish a claim for legal malpractice, a plaintiff must offer an
expert opinion on the standard of care, Tafelski has failed to support her claim
with any expert opinion, and as a matter of law she cannot make a prima facie
case of legal malpractice. On December 15, 2025, the mediator filed a report
stating the parties mediated on that date but were unable to reach a resolution.
[10] On January 6, 2026, the court issued an order denying Tafelski’s Motion to
Amend Deadlines. The court found the following persuasive: “The lack of any
explanation from [Tafelski] as to why an extension of the July 11, 2025, expert
deadline was not sought until after the deadline expired”; “[t]he fact that the
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 6 of 16
expert disclosure deadline was extended by agreement of the parties on June 30,
2025,” which demonstrated that Tafelski “knew there was such a deadline and
had actual input in setting the date for the deadline”; that the Motion to Amend
Deadlines “is not supported by any affidavit from [Tafelski] evidencing that she
was unaware of the expert disclosure deadline”; “[t]he fact that [Tafelski]
waited until over five (5) weeks after the expert deadline expired to file the
Motion”; and “this case would generally require an expert witness” and the
“likelihood that [Tafelski] would require the services of an expert has been selfevident since the filing of this action.” Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 79.
The court further found, “[t]here is prejudice to [Ryan] if [Tafelski’s] Motion is
granted,” “[t]his matter has been pending for an extended period of time,” “[i]n
today’s world of online dockets and the accessibility of court records to the
general public by computer search, the pendency of this matter is readily
available,” and “[t]his could prejudice [Ryan] from being engaged by potential
clients that would undertake such a search of pending lawsuits.” Id.
[11] On January 13, 2026, Tafelski filed a Stipulation for Entry of Summary
Judgment (the “Stipulation”) stating the court denied her Motion to Amend
Deadlines and, “[c]onsequently, [she] is unable to present expert witness
testimony, which not only prevents her from being able to meaningfully
respond to [Ryan’s] Motion for Summary Judgment, but from presenting the
merits of her case.” Stipulation at 2. She stated, “[i]n the interest of judicial
economy, [she] recognizes that any response to [Ryan’s] Motion for Summary
Judgment would be futile and therefore stipulates to the entry of summary
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 7 of 16
judgment in favor of [Ryan].” Id. at 3. Also on January 13, 2026, the court
granted Ryan’s summary judgment motion. Tafelski filed a notice of appeal.
Ryan filed a motion to dismiss Tafelski’s appeal, arguing that she cannot appeal
a judgment to which she stipulated. A motions panel of this Court denied
Ryan’s motion to dismiss.
Discussion
[12] Tafelski argues the trial court abused its discretion in denying her Motion to
Amend Deadlines. She argues that her counsel, Attorney Foster, was
responsible for the missed deadline. She maintains that Attorney Foster
assured her there were “no imminent events scheduled in the case.”
Appellant’s Brief at 17 (citing Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 23). She
notes that Attorney Foster “represented [her] on July 11, 2025 when the
designation became due.” Id. She further argues that any prejudice to Ryan
was not substantial and irreparable and that his opposition to her Motion to
Amend Deadlines “was directed at the windfall associated with a non-meritsbased dismissal rather than the avoidance of prejudice.” Id. at 18. She argues
the trial was scheduled for April 21, 2026, eight months after she filed her
Motion to Amend Deadlines. She also notes this Court’s preference for
deciding disputes on their merits.
[13] Ryan asserts that Tafelski entered into an agreed judgment which cannot be
appealed and asks that we reconsider the motions panel’s denial of his motion
to dismiss. He asserts that Tafelski, in filing her Stipulation and in not
advancing argument as to why the court erred in entering summary judgment,
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 8 of 16
waived any challenge to the court’s summary judgment order. He argues the
court’s denial of Tafelski’s Motion to Amend Deadlines was interlocutory, she
could have asked the court to reconsider its ruling, to hold judgment in
abeyance pending trial, or to certify the order for an immediate appeal, and
Tafelski “cannot use her voluntary stipulation as a mechanism to seek
expedited appeal of an interlocutory order.” Appellee’s Brief at 13.
[14] Ryan further maintains the court did not abuse its discretion in denying
Tafelski’s Motion to Amend Deadlines. He asserts Tafelski “failed to provide
any explanation whatsoever as to why she missed her expert disclosure
deadline” and she “does not allege that she asked Attorney Foster to seek an
extension of the expert witness disclosure deadline.” Id. at 15. He contends,
“[b]ecause [Tafelski] was in possession of all relevant information as to why she
missed her expert disclosure deadline, and failed to provide any explanation,
one can only deduce that such information would be unfavorable to her effort
to get the deadline extended.” Id. at 16. He claims that Attorney Foster’s email
stating there are “no imminent events scheduled in this case” was accurate “as
the next event scheduled was a Final Pretrial Conference set for March 20,
2026,” and that, “[i]f she was misled, and erroneously understood Attorney
Foster’s statement to mean that there were no impending deadlines (which
seems implausible), she had the burden of saying so.” Id. at 16-17.
[15] In reply, Tafelski argues that Ryan did not contend that the motions panel’s
denial of his motion to dismiss constituted clear error. She argues there was no
agreed judgment, there was no contract between her and Ryan, and the trial
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 9 of 16
court entered summary judgment, not an agreed judgment. She maintains that
she presented cogent argument and did not waive her challenge to the court’s
summary judgment order.
[16] We first address Ryan’s arguments regarding dismissal and waiver. A writing
panel of this Court may reconsider a decision of our motions panel while the
appeal remains pending, although we are reluctant to do so. Caccavale v. Ranger
Team Bldg., LLC, 246 N.E.3d 292, 296 (Ind. Ct. App. 2024) (citing Means v.
State, 201 N.E.3d 1158, 1164-1165 (Ind. 2023)), reh’g denied, trans. denied.
Generally, we overrule a decision of our motions panel only “where a more
complete record reveals clear authority establishing that our motions panel
erred.” Id. (citing Haggerty v. Anonymous Party 1, 998 N.E.2d 286, 293 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2013)). Our motions panel denied Ryan’s motion to dismiss in which he
argued that the parties entered into an agreed judgment from which Tafelski
cannot appeal. “An ‘Agreed Judgment’ represents an agreement of the parties,
not a judgment of the court.” Bemenderfer v. Williams, 745 N.E.2d 212, 215 n.2
(Ind. 2001). The Stipulation here did not state that it was an agreement of the
parties or an agreed judgment, was not signed by Ryan or his counsel, and did
not purport to settle the dispute between the parties. In her Stipulation, Tafelski
merely stated that she was unable to meaningfully respond to Ryan’s summary
judgment motion because the court denied her Motion to Amend Deadlines.
We cannot say that the Stipulation constituted an agreed judgment from which
the parties could not appeal or that a more complete record reveals clear
authority establishing that the motions panel erred. See 17 IND. LAW ENCYC.
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 10 of 16
Judgment § 120 (“The essence of a consent judgment is that the parties have
entered into a contract settling the dispute and that the court has entered
judgment conforming to the terms of the agreement.”). 2 We do not disturb the
ruling of the motions panel.
[17] Further, the trial court’s entry of summary judgment was a final judgment
pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 2(H), and Tafelski appealed from the final
judgment and challenges the court’s denial of her interlocutory Motion to
Amend Deadlines. The Indiana Supreme Court has held that “[a] claimed
error in an interlocutory order is not waived for failure to take an interlocutory
appeal but may be raised on appeal from the final judgment.” Bojrab v. Bojrab,
810 N.E.2d 1008, 1014 (Ind. 2004) (citing Georgos v. Jackson, 790 N.E.2d 448
(Ind. 2003) (“there is no requirement that an interlocutory appeal be taken, and
Jackson may elect to wait until the end of litigation to raise the issue on appeal
from a final judgment”), reh’g denied). Tafelski did not waive her argument that
the court erred in entering its order of summary judgment or in issuing its
2
Ryan cites Gallops v. Shambaugh Kast Beck & Williams, LLP, where each party filed a motion to exclude
certain expert testimony offered by the other, and the trial court granted Shambaugh’s motion and denied the
Gallopses’ motion. 56 N.E.3d 59, 61 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). “The procedural posture of the case left the
Gallopses with the belief that there was little chance of success at trial on their remaining claims.” Id. The
parties entered into an agreed judgment, which the trial court accepted. Id. The agreement provided
“Agreed Judgment,” “[t]he Gallopses have expressed the desire to conserve their resources, the resources of
this Court, and the resources of Allen County jurors and avoid a trial that will result in a directed verdict
following the Gallopses’ presentation of evidence,” “[t]he parties, therefore, agree to the entry of judgment in
Shambaugh Kast’s favor under the following conditions: . . . ,” and “Parties have tendered an Agreed
Judgment to the Court, along with a request that the Court consent to the Judgment.” Id. at 62. Unlike in
Gallops, the parties here did not enter into an agreement. Tafelski’s Stipulation simply acknowledged that,
because the trial court denied her Motion to Amend Deadlines, she was unable to meaningfully respond to
Ryan’s summary judgment motion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 11 of 16
interlocutory order denying her Motion to Amend Deadlines. See Bojrab, 810
N.E.2d at 1014; Baker v. Pickering, 241 N.E.3d 1, 5 n.5 (Ind. Ct. App. 2024)
(“Baker timely filed a notice of appeal from a final judgment, and the entry of
that judgment and the interlocutory order . . . are appealable issues.”).
[18] We turn to the trial court’s order denying Tafelski’s Motion to Amend
Deadlines. We review the court’s ruling for an abuse of discretion. See Wright
v. Miller, 989 N.E.2d 324, 330 (Ind. 2013). We will reverse if the trial court’s
decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances
before the court or the court has misinterpreted the law. Id.
[19] The parties cite Wright v. Miller, 989 N.E.2d 324 (Ind. 2013). “In [Wright], the
trial court in a medical malpractice case granted the defendant[s’] motion to
exclude the testimony of the plaintiffs’ only expert witness and thus dismissed
the case, where the plaintiffs’ attorney failed to disclose the witness before the
trial court’s discovery deadline.” O’Banion v. Ford Motor Co., 43 N.E.3d 635,
645 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied. The Indiana Supreme Court noted that
trial judges have a better sense than appellate courts of which sanctions will
adequately protect the litigants in any given case, but that courts should seek to
apply sanctions which have a minimal effect on the evidence presented at trial
and the merits of the case, and sanctions should not be imposed when
circumstances make sanctions unjust. Wright, 989 N.E.2d at 330. “When the
offending conduct is primarily attributable to counsel and not the client, and
prejudice to the opposing party is slight, due consideration should be given to
sanctions directed primarily at counsel which seek to minimize prejudice to the
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 12 of 16
client and the merits of the case, while appropriately incentivizing proper future
behavior of counsel.” Id. “The Wright opinion also effectively treated
exclusion of a witness that necessitates dismissal of a case as the sanction of
dismissal itself.” O’Banion, 43 N.E.3d at 646 (citing Wright, 989 N.E.2d at 331);
see Bradley v. State, 770 N.E.2d 382, 387 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002) (“The most
extreme sanction of witness exclusion should not be employed unless the
defendant’s breach has been purposeful or intentional or unless substantial and
irreparable prejudice would result to the State.”) (citing Wiseheart v. State, 491
N.E.2d 985, 991 (Ind. 1986)), trans. denied.
[20] The record reveals that Attorney Foster became Tafelski’s counsel of record in
May 2024. The court issued a Pre-Trial Order on May 22, 2025, setting various
deadlines including an expert disclosure deadline for July 11, 2025. While
Attorney Foster filed his motion to withdraw on June 18, 2025, the court did
not immediately rule on the motion, but scheduled a hearing for July 23, 2025,
which meant that Attorney Foster would continue to represent Tafelski at least
until the time of that hearing. Attorney Foster continued to serve as Tafelski’s
counsel from June 18 until July 23, 2025. As the trial court noted, the parties
“obviously had some discussions about an expert because there was an
extension” for Ryan. Transcript Volume II at 32. Indeed, Attorney Foster’s
signature appears on the June 30, 2025 joint motion which reiterated Tafelski’s
July 11 expert disclosure deadline. Attorney Foster did not ask the court for an
extension of the July 11 deadline. The court stated that it would have granted
additional time for the designation of experts. Although Attorney Foster’s June
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 13 of 16
18, 2025 email to Tafelski referred to “certain deadlines” in the Pre-Trial Order,
Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 23, he did not specifically note the expert
disclosure deadline, and he continued to represent Tafelski, signed the joint
motion on June 30 which did not request modification of the deadline, and
remained her counsel as the July 11, 2025 deadline passed. While Tafelski did
not submit an affidavit which stated her reason for not complying with the
deadline or that her counsel did or did not inform her of the deadline or the
consequence of failing to comply with the deadline, it is unlikely that Tafelski
instructed her counsel to ignore the deadline or not to request an extension,
especially in light of the potential severe consequence to her lawsuit.
[21] As for prejudice, the Pre-Trial Order set a jury trial for April 21, 2026.
Tafelski’s new counsel, Attorneys Hawkins and Thomas, filed an appearance to
represent Tafelski and the Motion to Amend Deadlines on August 25, 2025.
The parties’ counsel had only recently filed the joint motion regarding expert
disclosure deadlines on June 30, 2025. A reasonable extension of the expert
disclosure deadlines would not have had a significantly prejudicial effect on
Ryan’s defense. Although the delay could have some impact on Ryan’s
prospects for potential clients, the prejudice was little greater than that which is
to be expected in suits of this nature. At a minimum, the prejudice to Ryan was
minimal in comparison to the substantial impact on Tafelski’s ability to present
the merits of her case. See Wright, 989 N.E.2d at 331 (“[T]he prejudice to the
defendants was minimal. . . . The late disclosure was . . . neither a surprise nor
would it have had a deleterious or significantly prejudicial effect on the
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 14 of 16
defendants’ case. The prejudice to the defendants was little greater than that
which is to be expected in suits of this nature. In contrast, as demonstrated by
the trial court’s conclusion that the exclusion required dismissal, the exclusion
of the plaintiffs’ expert would have had a substantial effect on their ability to
present the merits of their case.”). Further, “in Indiana there is a marked
judicial deference for deciding disputes on their merits and for giving parties
their day in court.” Prime Mortg. USA, Inc. v. Nichols, 885 N.E.2d 628, 649 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2008).
[22] Under the circumstances, we conclude that the denial of Tafelski’s Motion to
Amend Deadlines, which effectively deprived Tafelski of her ability to present
the merits of her case, was inconsistent with the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances presented. As we reverse the court’s decision to deny the Motion
to Amend Deadlines, and Tafelski’s Stipulation was based on that decision, we
also reverse the court’s entry of summary judgment. See Wright, 989 N.E.2d at
331-332 (finding exclusion of expert witness “was inconsistent with the logic
and effect of the facts and circumstances presented,” order of dismissal “was
directly grounded upon” the decision to exclude expert for discovery deadline
violation, and “[b]ecause we have concluded that such witness exclusion was
erroneous, the basis for the resulting case dismissal evaporates and the granting
of the defendants’ motion to dismiss was likewise erroneous”).
[23] For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court’s order denying Tafelski’s
Motion to Amend Deadlines and its entry of summary judgment, and we
remand for further proceedings.
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 15 of 16 [24] Reversed and remanded.
Bailey, J., and Weissmann, J., concur.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Gabriel A. Hawkins
Brett B. Thomas
CohenMalad, LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Dina M. Cox
J. Neal Bowling
Lewis Wagner & Trimble
Indianapolis, Indiana
Court of Appeals of Indiana Opinion 26A-CT-141 July 10, 2026 Page 16 of 16