[Cite as State v. Benton, 2026-Ohio-2865.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 25CA012241
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
ROOSEVELT BENTON COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. 23CR110030
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: July 27, 2026
SUTTON, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Roosevelt Benton appeals the judgment of the Lorain County
Court of Common Pleas. For the reasons that follow, this Court affirms.
I.
Relevant Background Information
{¶2} This appeal arises from the November 2, 2023 shooting death of N.T. N.T. drove
his girlfriend’s gray Kia Soul to a shopping center in Elyria with the intention of selling marijuana.
While N.T. usually sold marijuana only to people he knew, this time he was meeting with people
he did not know and had arranged to meet them in a public area instead of them coming to his
residence. N.T.’s brother Tyler, who arrived at the shopping center in a separate vehicle to do
some shopping at Walmart, was also present in the shopping center parking lot. N.T. had called
Tyler and asked him to come to where he was parked. When Tyler arrived, N.T. was in a dark
colored sedan. N.T. eventually emerged from the back seat of the sedan, walked up to Tyler and
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asked him for a marijuana “vape.” Tyler gave him the vape. The windows of the sedan were dark,
but Tyler observed a passenger and a driver. N.T. went back into the black sedan, and as N.T. reemerged from the rear passenger door of the vehicle, Tyler was able to see the driver of the vehicle.
Tyler then observed the driver shoot N.T. from inside the vehicle as N.T. was shutting the door of
the vehicle.
{¶3} After the shooting, the black sedan fled the parking lot. Tyler called 911, and N.T.
called his girlfriend. Using N.T.’s phone, Tyler informed N.T.’s girlfriend that N.T. had been shot.
N.T. then told his girlfriend he loved her. N.T.’s girlfriend and her mother arrived on the scene
and police and firefighters arrived on the scene shortly thereafter. It appeared that N.T. had been
shot in the abdomen, there was no exit wound, and N.T. appeared to be bleeding internally. N.T.
was treated at the scene, transported to a hospital by ambulance and then life-flighted by helicopter
to a Level 1 trauma center in Cleveland. N.T. later died from the gunshot wound.
{¶4} Detective Joanna Catalano with the Elyria Police Department arrived on the scene
at the shopping center. Detective Catalano observed that N.T. had a small red folding knife on his
person, which was closed and clipped to his pants pocket. No other weapons were found at the
scene.
{¶5} Police learned a black sedan was involved and obtained video surveillance of the
vehicle from nearby businesses. Using license plate reading technology, police determined the
vehicle was registered to Mr. Benton. Police went to Mr. Benton’s address in Oberlin and observed
a black Honda Accord backed into the driveway of the residence. Police maintained surveillance
to make sure the vehicle did not leave and obtained a search warrant. Mr. Benton was located in
the residence in his bedroom. Eventually, officers located a Stoeger 9mm semiautomatic pistol in
the bedroom closet, which had a loaded magazine inserted. Officers also found a Luger Blazer
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9mm spent shell casing on the floor of the closet and a box of 9mm ammunition in the bedroom.
Mr. Benton’s DNA, found on the gun and ballistics tests, showed the bullet that killed N.T. was
fired from that gun.
{¶6} The Honda Accord was towed to the Elyria Police Department for processing. In
the vehicle, officers found identification documents for Mr. Benton, a plastic baggie with
marijuana remnants, a Blazer Luger 9mm cartridge underneath the floor mat on the driver’s side
of the vehicle, and a magazine loader in the center console.
{¶7} A Lorain County Grand Jury indicted Mr. Benton on seven counts: (1) murder, in
violation of R.C. 2903.02(B), an unclassified felony; (2) felonious assault, in violation of R.C.
2903.11(A)(1), a felony of the second degree; (3) murder, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B), an
unclassified felony; (4) felonious assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), a felony of the second
degree; (5) improper handling firearms in a motor vehicle, in violation of R.C. 2923.16(A), a
felony of the fourth degree; (6) improper handling firearms in a motor vehicle, in violation of R.C.
2923.16(B), a felony of the fourth degree; and (7) carrying a concealed weapon, in violation of
R.C. 2923.12(A)(2), a felony of the fourth degree. The murder and felonious assault counts each
carried firearm specifications in violation of R.C. 2941.145(A) and R.C. 2941.146(A).
{¶8} Mr. Benton pleaded not guilty to the indictment, and the matter proceeded to a jury
trial. Mr. Benton filed a notice of intent to assert self-defense and then filed a supplemental notice
of his intent to assert defense of another, M.R. At trial, Mr. Benton testified that N.T. had pulled
a red knife out of his pocket, opened the knife, and attempted to attack M.R. Mr. Benton testified
he then shot N.T. in defense of M.R. Mr. Benton testified he believed N.T. was robbing him. Mr.
Benton further testified that N.T. fell out of the car after he was shot and the knife in his hand fell
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with him. M.R. did not testify at the trial, asserting his right under the Fifth Amendment to the
United States Constitution to not be compelled to testify against himself.
{¶9} The trial court’s instructions to the jury included an instruction on “defense of
another.” The jury found Mr. Benton guilty on all counts and specifications, and the trial court
sentenced Mr. Benton to a prison term of twenty-six years to life.
{¶10} Mr. Benton has appealed, raising five assignments of error for our review. To
facilitate our analysis, we will consider some assignments of error out of order.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN PROHIBITING CROSS EXAMINATION
REGARDING PENDING CRIMINAL CONDUCT RELEVANT TO
TRUTHFULNESS.
{¶11} Mr. Benton argues in his first assignment of error that the trial court erred when it
disallowed cross-examination of N.T.’s brother Tyler concerning allegations of criminal conduct
on the part of Tyler that had not yet resulted in convictions. Mr. Benton argues this line of
questioning was proper impeachment evidence under the Ohio Rules of Evidence. The allegations
with which Mr. Benton sought to impeach Tyler were that Tyler had engaged in conduct that
constituted obstruction of justice and tampering with evidence in an unrelated case. At the time
of Mr. Benton’s trial, Tyler had not yet been convicted but was facing criminal charges as one case
had been bound over to the grand jury and another case was pending in municipal court.
{¶12} Mr. Benton argued he wanted to impeach Tyler with these pending charges because
he asserted Tyler had tampered with the scene in this case by removing marijuana from N.T.’s
pocket, removing N.T.’s phone from the scene, which was never recovered, and by moving the
Kia Soul to a different parking spot in the shopping center parking lot. Mr. Benton further
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theorized that Tyler may have folded N.T.’s knife and clipped it back into N.T.’s pocket before
police arrived, an act which Tyler denied. Tyler admitted at trial that he picked up marijuana that
had fallen to the ground but denied he removed the marijuana from N.T.’s pocket. Tyler also
admitted he had two phones in his hand after the shooting. Tyler further testified he may have
moved the Kia Soul.
{¶13} Evid.R. 609 provides that the credibility of a witness may be attacked with evidence
that the witness has been convicted of a crime. In a sidebar discussion with counsel prior to Tyler’s
testimony, the trial court stated, “preliminarily, I will say only the convictions, I think, will be
appropriate under the Rules of Evidence.” Mr. Benton now argues for the first time on appeal that
Evid.R. 608(B) applied to allow inquiry into Tyler’s criminal charges that had not yet resulted in
convictions. Evid.R. 608(B) provides that specific instances of the conduct of a witness, for the
purpose of attacking or supporting the witness's character for truthfulness, other than conviction
of a crime as provided in Evid.R. 609, may be inquired into on cross-examination of the witness,
but also provides that the witness does not waive any privilege against self-incrimination by
testifying.
{¶14} At trial, Mr. Benton’s counsel did not specifically argue the applicability of Evid.R.
608(B). “[A] defendant's failure to raise an issue at trial forfeits all but plain error on review.”
State v. Drain, 2022-Ohio-3697, ¶ 51. However, when a party fails to set forth a plain error
argument in his merit brief, this Court will not create a plain error argument on his behalf. See
State v. Hairston, 2006-Ohio-4925, ¶ 11 (9th Dist.).
{¶15} Upon review, we cannot say the trial court erred when it disallowed impeachment
of Tyler using pending criminal charges. Accordingly, Mr. Benton’s first assignment of error is
overruled.
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN PERMITTING THE STATE TO ASK
LEADING QUESTIONS OF [T.T.].
{¶16} Mr. Benton argues in his second assignment of error the trial court erred by
allowing the State to ask a witness named T.T. leading questions. Evid.R. 611(C) provides:
Leading questions should not be used on the direct examination of a witness except
as may be necessary to develop the witness’ testimony. Ordinarily leading
questions should be permitted on cross-examination. When a party calls a hostile
witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party,
interrogation may be by leading questions.
{¶17} Defense counsel objected when the State indicated its intent to ask leading
questions of T.T. The State argued leading questions were proper because T.T. identified with Mr.
Benton. The trial court stated it needed to hear the testimony establishing the relationship between
Mr. Benton and T.T. before allowing leading questions.
{¶18} The State then established that T.T. was a friend of Mr. Benton’s since childhood
and they went to school and played sports together. T.T. also testified that he had been in contact
with Mr. Benton since the November 2, 2023 shooting and that T.T. had sent Mr. Benton money
since that date. The trial court granted the State’s request to ask leading questions.
{¶19} “The determination of whether a witness is hostile or adverse is entrusted to the
sound discretion of the trial court.” State v. Rutkowski, 1995 WL 324085, *2 (9th Dist. May 31,
1995). Consequently, we “review a trial court’s application of [Evid.R. 611(C)] for an abuse of
discretion.” State v. McKelton, 2016-Ohio-5735, ¶ 150. See, also, State v. Wilson, 1997 WL
164304, *7 (9th Dist. Apr. 2, 1997) (“The trial court has discretion to permit the [S]tate to ask
leading questions of its own witnesses.”). An abuse of discretion indicates that the trial court’s
attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 219 (1983).
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{¶20} After the trial court allowed leading questions, T.T. admitted that he might have
told Mr. Benton that he would do whatever he could to help him and that he did not want to testify.
T.T. testified that he was “forced” to testify and did not volunteer to testify. This testimony further
established that T.T. was a witness who identified with Mr. Benton.
{¶21} Upon review, we cannot state the trial court abused its discretion in determining
that T.T. identified with an adverse party and allowing the State to use leading questions when
examining him. Accordingly, Mr. Benton’s second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN PERMITTING THE STATE TO
IMPEACH ITS OWN WITNESS, [T.T.].
{¶22} Mr. Benton argues in his third assignment of error the trial court erred in allowing
the State to impeach T.T. with prior inconsistent statements by T.T. in the form of a text exchange
between T.T. and T.T.’s friend, M.M. The State argues that it did not attempt to impeach T.T. but
attempted to lead T.T or develop his testimony concerning whether he was aware of an alleged
plan by Mr. Benton and M.R. to commit a robbery.
{¶23} Evid.R. 607(A) provides in part that “[t]he credibility of a witness may be attacked
by any party except that the credibility of a witness may be attacked by the party calling the witness
by means of a prior inconsistent statement only upon a showing of surprise and affirmative
damage.”
{¶24} Impeaching a witness involves “calling into question the witness’s veracity.” State
v. Darkenwald, 2004-Ohio-2693, ¶ 17 (8th Dist.). Here, the State did not try to impeach T.T. The
State tried to elicit testimony from T.T., through the use of leading questions, that he was aware
of an alleged plan by Mr. Benton and M.R. to commit a robbery. The State attempted to get him
to admit that he was aware of such a plan using a series of text messages between T.T. and his
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friend, M.M. When shown the text messages, T.T. could recall sending “[s]ome of them,” but was
evasive and non-responsive when asked if he was aware of Mr. Benton’s and M.R.’s plan to
commit a robbery the day of the shooting. T.T. denied he was aware of such plan but then admitted
he had heard about an alleged robbery plan from a third party. This case is similar to Darkenwald.
In Darkenwald, the defendant’s daughter was called by the State as a witness, but she was evasive
and uncooperative. Darkenwald at ¶ 22. When the witness stated she could not recall where the
victim and her mother were standing, the State attempted to refresh her recollection by asking her
if she recalled telling the police the victim was standing by the rear bumper of his car. Id. at ¶
24. After a sidebar with counsel, the trial court allowed the State to use the daughter’s statement
to police when questioning her. Id. at ¶ 25. On appeal, the Eight District Court of Appeals stated
that the State was not impeaching the daughter but rather attempting to develop her testimony
through leading questions. Id. at ¶ 26. Like here, the witness in Darkenwald was being evasive
and uncooperative, and refused to recall pertinent facts she had made in her earlier statements. Id.
at ¶ 27.
{¶25} This case is also similar to State v. Burroughs, 1999 WL 1243136 (7th Dist. Dec.
16, 1999). In Burroughs, the defendant’s girlfriend was called as a witness by the State. The
witness not only identified with the defendant because she was his girlfriend and the mother of his
child, she was a hostile witness because she indicated that she did not want to be on the stand
testifying. Id. at * 3. While she testified that she recalled making a statement to police, the witness
could not recall everything in the statement. Id. The State, over defense counsel’s objection,
continued to cross-examine the witness using her previous statement. On appeal, the Seventh
District Court of Appeals stated, “our review of the record on the whole indicates that the
prosecution was unable to develop any material testimony from [the witness], whether due to
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sincere inability to recall her prior account or due to the fact that she was uncooperative, and sought
‘cross examination’ as a means to develop her testimony.” Id.
{¶26} Here, the State was asking leading questions concerning the text exchange between
T.T. and M.M. to ascertain whether T.T. was aware of an alleged robbery plan on the part of Mr.
Benton and M.R. The State was not impeaching T.T. with a prior inconsistent statement. It was
trying to develop T.T.’s testimony about an alleged planned robbery.
{¶27} Accordingly, Mr. Benton’s third assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V
THE STATE FAILED TO PRESENT SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO
PROVE EACH AND EVERY ELEMENT OF THE OFFENSES BEYOND A
REASONABLE DOUBT.
{¶28} In his fifth assignment of error, Mr. Benton argues his conviction is based on
insufficient evidence. Specifically, Mr. Benton argues the State failed to prove he was not acting
in defense of M.R. when he shot N.T.
{¶29} R.C. 2901.05(B)(1) provides that a person is allowed to act in self-defense or
defense of another. With respect to Mr. Benton’s sufficiency challenge, we conclude it is
misplaced in light of his focus on self-defense/defense of another. See State v. Pursley, 2025-Ohio-530, ¶ 5 (9th Dist.). Self-defense and defense of another remain affirmative defenses in
Ohio, and an affirmative defense is not an element of a crime. See State v. Messenger, 2022-Ohio4562, ¶ 24. A defendant charged with an offense involving the use of force has the burden of
producing legally sufficient evidence that the defendant’s use of force was in self-defense or in
defense of another. Pursley at ¶ 5. Accordingly, a trial court judge who has instructed a jury on
self-defense or defense of another has determined the defendant put forth sufficient evidence of
self-defense. Id. Meanwhile, a finding of guilt means that, in the eyes of the jury, the State met
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its burden of persuasion that the defendant was not acting in self-defense or defense of another.
Id. “[T]he sufficiency-of-the-evidence standard of review applies to [the defendant’s] burden of
production and a manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard of review applies to the state’s burden
of persuasion.” Id., quoting Messenger at ¶ 26. Given that Mr. Benton’s argument is focused on
defense of another, a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is not appropriate. See id., citing
Messenger at ¶ 26-27; see also State v. Susanek, 2024-Ohio-5298, ¶ 22 (9th Dist.) “The State’s
‘burden of disproving the defendant’s [defense of another] claim beyond a reasonable doubt is
subject to a manifest-weight review on appeal,’ not a sufficiency review.” Susanek at ¶ 22, quoting
Messenger. at ¶ 27.
{¶30} Accordingly, Mr. Benton’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV
[MR. BENTON’S] CONVICTIONS ARE AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶31} In his fourth assignment of error Mr. Benton argues his convictions are against the
manifest weight of the evidence. As to manifest weight of the evidence this Court has previously
stated:
[i]n determining whether a criminal conviction is against the manifest weight of the
evidence an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and
all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine
whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way
and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.
State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist. 1986). “When a court of appeals reverses a
judgment of a trial court on the basis that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, the
appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth juror’ and disagrees with the fact[-]finder’s resolution of the
conflicting testimony.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387 (1997), quoting Tibbs v.
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Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42 (1982). An appellate court should exercise the power to reverse a
judgment as against the manifest weight of the evidence only in exceptional cases. Otten at 340.
“[W]e are mindful that the [trier of fact] is free to believe all, part, or none of the testimony of each
witness.” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) State v. Gannon, 2020-Ohio-3075, ¶ 20 (9th
Dist.). “This Court will not overturn a conviction on a manifest weight challenge only because the
[trier of fact] found the testimony of certain witnesses to be credible.” Id. See also State v. Reillo,
Slip Opinion No. 2026-Ohio-2701, ¶ 28.
{¶32} Mr. Benton argues the evidence showed Tyler tampered with the scene prior to the
arrival of law enforcement, that N.T. had a knife on him, that Tyler’s testimony was not credible,
and that Tyler was the only individual who implicated Mr. Benton. However, Mr. Benton admitted
he shot N.T. That fact is not in dispute.
{¶33} Mr. Benton asserts that he acted in defense of M.R. The elements of self-defense
or the defense of another are: (1) that the defendant was not at fault in creating the situation giving
rise to the affray; (2) that the defendant had a bona fide belief that he or another was in imminent
danger of death or great bodily harm and that his only means of escape from such danger was in
the use of deadly force; and (3) that the defendant did not violate any duty to retreat or avoid the
danger. See State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 24 (2002). In addition, a person has no duty to
retreat before using force in defense of another if that person is in a place in which the person
lawfully has a right to be. R.C. 2901.09(B). “To carry its burden of persuasion, the State need
only disprove one of the foregoing elements beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Fleckenstein,
2023-Ohio-4347, ¶ 24 (9th Dist.).
{¶34} N.T.’s brother Tyler testified that N.T. was outside of the black sedan shutting the
door when N.T. was shot. Another of the State’s witnesses, R.K., testified to a version of events
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that was similar to the version to which Tyler testified. R.K., who did not know any of the parties
involved, was in the parking lot sitting in his truck when the shooting occurred. R.K. testified that
N.T. was outside of the black sedan in between the black sedan and the Kia Soul a couple of feet
from the black sedan walking toward the black sedan when he was shot. R.K. did not see a knife
in N.T.’s hand. This testimony contradicts Mr. Benton’s testimony that N.T. was leaning into the
vehicle attacking M.R. with a knife when Mr. Benton shot N.T. In addition, there was no blood
inside the black sedan.
{¶35} Even if Mr. Benton argues he was not at fault for creating the situation leading to
the shooting, and that he had no duty to retreat, the testimony of Tyler and R.K was that at the time
the shot was fired, Mr. Benton and M.R. were not in imminent danger. Mr. Benton admitted at
trial that M.R. did not mention a knife to police, and no one but Mr. Benton testified that N.T. had
a knife in his hand.
{¶36} The jury obviously found the testimony of Tyler and R.K. to be credible, because
they found Mr. Benton guilty, and did not find Mr. Benton’s testimony to be credible. As we have
stated, we will not overturn a conviction on a manifest weight challenge only because the trier-offact found the testimony of certain witnesses to be credible. Gannon at ¶ 20.
{¶37} We have reviewed the record in this matter and cannot conclude that this is the
exceptional case where the evidence weighs heavily against the verdict. Accordingly, Mr.
Benton’s fourth assignment of error first assignment is overruled.
III.
{¶38} For the forgoing reasons, Mr. Benton’s assignments of error are overruled. The
judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
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There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period
for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to
mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the
docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
BETTY SUTTON
FOR THE COURT
STEVENSON, J.
CONCURS.
FLAGG LANZINGER, P. J.
CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
APPEARANCES:
KIMBERLY KENDALL CORRAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
ANTHONY CILLO, Prosecuting Attorney, and LINDSEY C. POPROCKI, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, ,for Appellee.