NUMBER 13-25-00208-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
CHRISTOPHER ALAN YOUNG, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
ON APPEAL FROM THE 26TH DISTRICT COURT
OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY, TEXAS
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Peña, West, and Fonseca
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Fonseca
A jury convicted appellant Christopher Alan Young of theft of property valued over
$30,000, but less than $150,000, from an elderly individual, a second-degree felony. See
TEX. PENAL CODE § 31.03(e)(5), (f)(3)(A). Young pled true to the enhancement paragraph,
and the jury sentenced Young to sixty years’ imprisonment. See id. § 12.42. Young
appeals his conviction on the basis that the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient to support the jury’s finding of guilt. We affirm because the evidence was sufficient. 1
I. BACKGROUND
Young was married to Debra Mosier-Young and in early 2022 assisted her and her
father, Bruce Morton Mosier, with moving to a residence in Georgetown. Mosier owned
an extensive coin collection comprised of many valuable gold and silver coins and various
other valuables. In August 2022, while moving some of Mosier’s property, Mosier and his
family discovered over $128,000 worth of coins were missing.
Suspecting Young, Debra confronted him and later discovered invoices and
checks indicating Young sold coins at various coin stores in Texas and beyond, including
at D&A Williams, Gold & Coin Mart of Georgetown, Gold & Beyond, and Leshem
Diamonds and Gold (Leshem). All of the coins indicated as sold in the documents
belonged to Mosier’s collection. As a result, Debra and her family reported these thefts to
law enforcement in September 2022, leading to Young’s arrest.
A grand jury indicted Young of the offense as described above. It also submitted a
penalty enhancement paragraph related to Young’s prior felony conviction for vehicular
homicide – DUI. Trial commenced on March 7, 2025.
A. Valeri Reeder
Valeri Reeder, one of Mosier’s daughters and Debra’s sister, testified that her
father Mosier was eighty-six years old and had three daughters. She extensively
described Mosier’s decades-long coin-collecting hobby. She attested that the entire family
1 This case is before the Court on transfer from the Third Court of Appeals pursuant to a docketequalization order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV’T CODE §§ 22.220(a) (delineating the jurisdiction of appellate courts), 73.001 (granting authority to transfer cases from one court of appeals to another at any time that there is “good cause” for the transfer). We are bound by the precedent of the transferring court to the extent that it differs from our own. See TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.
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was aware of his coin collection and that Mosier never gave the coins to Young or anyone
else in the family. Valeri discussed the manner by which Mosier moved the coins to his
Georgetown home from his prior home in Colorado in 2018. She said only Debra and
Young were with Mosier when he moved the coins to the Georgetown home.
Valeri further testified that by early 2022, it became clear Mosier and her mother
needed to move into assisted living. However, Mosier wanted to inventory his coin
collection before moving. Valeri clarified on cross-examination that Mosier never
inventoried the coins while he lived in Colorado. Valeri and Debra began inventorying in
March 2022 by going through boxes, creating a spreadsheet, and taking photos of the
coin boxes. The trial court admitted these photos into evidence. They continually updated
the spreadsheet throughout the process with more detailed descriptions of the coins.
Valeri, Mosier, and Debra were the only ones present during the inventory process.
During the inventory, they noticed some coins were already missing based on Mosier’s
recollection of which coin sets should be complete but were not.
After they finished the inventory, Valeri’s husband, Rick Reeder, helped move most
of the coin boxes into a storage facility in Georgetown. Valeri, Mosier, and Rick were the
only ones with keys to the storage facility. However, some boxes remained at the house
in Mosier’s office. These boxes included a full set of American Silver Eagle coins, Morgan
and Peace Dollars, and other recently received coins. The spreadsheet did not note which
coins remained in Mosier’s office and which went to the storage facility.
Valeri testified that while the coins were not initially secured, Young suggested that
they store the coins in a closet in Mosier’s office with a lock. Young eventually purchased
and installed the lock for Mosier’s closet containing the coins. Valeri claimed there were
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two keys for the lock and that Mosier stored one key in a dresser drawer in his office. She
speculated Young might have had the other key. The only persons with knowledge of the
keys were Rick, Young, Debra, and Valeri.
Later in August 2022, as Mosier and his wife prepared to move into assisted living
in Round Rock, Mosier decided he wanted the coins moved from the Georgetown storage
facility to a unit closer to him in the Round Rock area. Young and Debra were returning
from a cruise at that time but went to their home in Pearland before heading to
Georgetown to help. Valeri claimed Young and Rick were responsible for moving the
coins from Georgetown to Round Rock and did so in a single day. She also testified that
the only persons with the access code for the Round Rock facility were Mosier, Young,
Rick, and possibly herself. Valeri stated records indicated the Round Rock storage unit
was accessed by someone in August 2022.
Valeri testified that during this moving process she noticed several boxes of coins
were missing from the closet. She started considering who had access to the coins when
Debra asked Young if he took the coins. Young angrily defended himself and left the
house. He eventually returned due to a counseling appointment he had with Debra but
again screamed at Debra and left.
The next day, Debra called Valeri and sent her three photos of invoices from D&A
Williams, a jewelry and precious metals store, for coins Young sold to them. After
reviewing the invoices and believing they were evidence that Young stole and sold
Mosier’s coins, Valeri contacted Georgetown police and reported the alleged crime. The
Georgetown police indicated it would be several months before they could investigate.
She testified she was worried Young would continue to sell coins in the meantime
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because, after his counseling appointment with Debra, he left without telling Debra he
was coming back.
Valeri then contacted the ex-husband of one of her other sisters who worked in
law enforcement. This led to the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) assigning
Special Agent Nathaniel Head to investigate the case. Valeri provided a lead to Head to
investigate Leshem in New Mexico and Gold & Coin Mart in Georgetown. During the
investigation, some of the coins were recovered and returned to Mosier. Valeri started
compiling a spreadsheet of the stolen coins. She testified as to how many coins were in
each set, which coins were missing, and which coins were recovered. She further testified
that Head provided updates on invoices located throughout his investigation.
Valeri described the invoices from various coin dealers Young sold coins to, which
the trial court admitted into evidence. She also testified regarding many of the sales dates
being just a few days after Young stayed at Mosier’s home, indicating Young had
opportunity to commit the thefts. She described the following invoices from D&A Williams:
a May 10, 2022 invoice for the sale of eleven different coins and a coin set totaling $861;
a May 26, 2022 invoice for several other coins including foreign coins and currency
totaling $4,741; a June 6, 2022 invoice for more coins totaling $7,495; a June 21, 2022
invoice totaling $10,055; and an August 12, 2022 invoice totaling $5,254. She described
the following invoices from Gold & Coin Mart in Georgetown: a June 7, 2022 invoice for
silver plates and other coins totaling $1,920, and an August 11, 2022 invoice for coins
and ingots and currency totaling $1,300. Young’s ID card was attached to the Gold & Coin
Mart sales. Valeri confirmed all of the coins sold in the invoices matched coins missing
from Mosier’s collection.
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A warrant was issued for Young’s arrest, and he was arrested in Louisiana.
Following Young’s arrest, law enforcement acquired Young’s truck. Valeri, Rick, and
Debra reviewed the contents of Young’s truck after it was returned to Texas. The trial
court admitted thirteen photos of the contents displaying many items that Valeri testified
belonged to Mosier and his wife. These items included stamps, stamp books, loose coins,
coin sets, a fishing magnet, Mosier’s military ID, a watch, a lighter, a diamond and
sapphire bracelet, a trunk filled with model Texaco trucks, and other “trinket-type things.”
Valeri claimed all these items would have been in Mosier’s office or elsewhere in the
home. They did not recover any of Mosier’s gold coins. Valeri and the family also later
located Young’s safe, which contained one of Mosier’s pill boxes in which Mosier stored
coins as well as a few of Mosier’s loose coins. They also located one of Mosier’s plastic
containers in Young’s garage and found more of Mosier’s belongings amongst Young’s
clothing or in Young’s closet, kept separately from Debra’s closet.
Valeri testified that after logging the stolen coins, the following were still missing:
ninety-two gold coins worth $89,863; American Silver Eagle Coin sets from 1986 to 2022
worth $64,371; Morgan Dollar sets from 1878 to 1921 and a 2021 100th anniversary set
totaling $57,955; Peace Dollars sets from 1921 to 1935 and a 100th anniversary set
totaling $7,697; portions of Commemorative Sets from 1988 to 2022 totaling $6,093;
Eisenhower Dollars totaling $34,455; Proof Sets totaling $6,042; Franklin Mint silver
ingots, Mint Rounds, Christmas ornaments, and silver plates totaling $2,843; foreign coins
and currency worth roughly $600; stamps from 1975 to 2016 totaling $4,804; a watch
worth $419; a bracelet worth $2,300; and miscellaneous individual coins worth $450.
Several of the coins matched invoices for coins Young sold to D&A Williams and the other
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dealers. The total estimated worth of all the stolen items logged and from Young’s truck
was $283,000. Valeri estimated they recovered about $7,000 worth of the coins.
During cross-examination, Valeri conceded several of the checks for the coins sold
went into Debra and Young’s joint bank account from which only Debra could write
checks. Valeri testified that the checks were deposited between May and August. She
also admitted her mother’s home health care worker had access to the closet but that she
would only be present in the house with her mother and was never unattended. She also
stated two nephews had access to the house, though not the closet.
B. Bruce Mosier
Mosier testified regarding his lifelong hobbies including coin-collecting as well as
collecting stamps and foreign currency. He intended for the collection to go to his three
daughters after he passed. Mosier stated he never gave any coins to Young or allowed
him to borrow the coins. He testified as to the coin inventory being conducted before he
moved into assisted living as described by Valeri. Mosier also stated that he told Young
about the value of the coins. He never allowed Young to have possession of his military
ID, watch, or stamps. On cross-examination, Mosier agreed he never saw Young take
any of his belongings and that Young only came to his house with Debra.
C. Rick Reeder
Rick testified regarding his relationship with Mosier and his observation that the
coin collection was very important to Mosier. Rick claimed Mosier would discuss the coins
with anyone he knew. Rick also testified that he first met Young in California and spent
time with him in the years thereafter as part of being related by marriage and their wives
spending time together. He stated Young had both a good and bad side.
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Rick corroborated Valeri’s account of Mosier and Mosier’s wife needing to move
into assisted living and the process of moving them. He confirmed Valeri and Debra were
the ones primarily cataloging and organizing the coins. He and Young only moved boxes,
though checked for coins inside the boxes. Rick stated that Mosier would comment on
how many more of a certain coin should be in the collection. Rick confirmed they bought
tubs to store the coins after they were organized, and reaffirmed Reeder’s testimony on
how they were stored in Georgetown first and then moved to Round Rock. Based on
Rick’s testimony, the trial court admitted photos of the storage unit, the storage tubs,
Young and Rick in the parking area, Young and Rick standing next to their truck, and
Young and Rick unloading the tubs.
Rick testified that it took several months to move other items and that the family
eventually noticed coins were missing. He noted Young’s suggestion that the middle
sister’s teenage sons stole the coins. Eventually, Rick learned Young left Debra and fled
Texas. He also testified he traveled to Louisiana to retrieve Young’s truck after Young’s
arrest, catalogued its contents as Valeri testified, and drove it back to Texas. Rick
conceded during cross-examination he did not know who put the items in the back of
Young’s truck, though noted that Young never told him someone else placed the items
there. He also admitted his nephews had a criminal history of theft and marijuana use.
D. Debra Mosier-Young
Debra testified regarding her relationship with Young and how they became
married. They bought a home together in Pearland, in which she still lives. She claimed
that Young became aware of Mosier’s coin collection after helping move Debra’s parents
to Texas. She described the coin inventory occurring in spring 2022, as Valeri testified,
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and similarly described Mosier’s plans for the coins and that he never gave them to
anyone. Debra also testified that it was Young’s suggestion to put a lock on the closet
where Mosier wound up storing his collection. She believed one key was placed in
Mosier’s office and that Rick had the other key. She did not think Young knew where
Mosier’s key was located.
Debra further testified regarding her mom falling as she and Young returned from
a cruise vacation in August 2022. She described how they headed to Austin and stayed
with her parents for a few days to help and eventually started moving them into assisted
living. Debra further corroborated this was when the family discovered Mosier’s gold coins
were missing. Debra, Young, and Mosier searched around the house for the coins but did
not find any.
Debra testified that she then became concerned Young stole the coins because
he gambled a large amount of money on their cruise and he had not been working for the
three months prior to the cruise. She also described Young depositing a check with money
of unknown origin to help cover their mortgage. The trial court admitted the check into
evidence. Debra explained the account was in her name, but Young could access it with
a debit card.
Debra claimed her suspicions led to her confronting Young on the porch at
Mosier’s house and asking him if he stole the gold coins. She said he “[b]lew up” and
yelled at her and Valeri, before leaving the house. Young returned for a virtual counseling
appointment which they had due to ongoing problems in their marriage. They then left
together to Pearland.
Debra next discovered that Young’s previously described check was from D&A
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Williams and that D&A Williams was a jewelry store. She visited the store the next day
and found what looked like a tub of Mosier’s coins. Debra subsequently spoke with the
shop owner, who provided three invoices dating back at least six months indicating Young
sold batches of coins for money. She sent photos of these invoices to Valeri and her exbrother-in-law who worked in law enforcement. She also recorded this conversation and
provided the audio to law enforcement.
After she returned home from this meeting, she found Young leaving with packed
bags, claiming to have found a new job in Dallas. She questioned the truth of his claim
leading to an argument. Young refused to allow her to check his truck. Debra accused
him of taking her dad’s coins as he drove away. She recorded the conversation which the
trial court admitted into evidence. Debra testified she attempted to locate Young at a
mutual friend’s house but could not. She admitted on cross-examination he would
commonly leave after arguments between them.
Debra further testified regarding DPS’s investigation and discovering other
locations where Young sold coins. She recorded conversations with more shop owners
and discovered checks deposited into her account from Young’s other sales. She
attempted to convince Young to turn himself in, though rarely spoke with him after this
point. Debra testified, as Rick and Valeri did, that after Young’s arrest they obtained his
truck and the items within it as described above. Debra again confirmed her dad never
gave Young any of the coins or other belongings.
E. Danny Stephens
Danny Stepens, owner of Regal Coin & Jewelry (Regal) in Pflugerville, testified
regarding his conversation with law enforcement and providing an invoice, which the trial
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court admitted as evidence. This invoice was dated July 19, 2022, and indicated Young
sold multiple types of coins and metal bars to Regal. The trial court also admitted a check
from Regal to Young for $4,350 or $4,300. 2
F. Dallas Brasseaux
Dallas Brasseaux, a lieutenant with the Louisiana State Police, testified Head
contacted him in September 2022 regarding a warrant for Young’s arrest. Brasseaux
located and participated in arresting Young two days later at a casino in Lake Charles,
Louisiana. After the arrest, they photographed Young’s truck and the trial court admitted
these photos. The photos depicted items in the back of the truck matching the above
descriptions including the coins. He also testified regarding searching Teresa Davis’s
property for coins and not locating any.
G. Teresa Davis
Davis, an old family friend of Young, testified that she saw Young off and on
throughout the years. She also testified regarding Young staying with her allegedly
because he was working in Lake Charles and could not afford a place to stay. Davis
stated Young blamed his wife for maxing out credit cards as the reason he lacked money.
Young told her at that time that Mosier gave him some stamps and coins.
On a road trip together, Davis witnessed someone hand Young a piece of paper
at a pawnshop and Young commented to her that the man didn’t know anything about
coins. She also described him carrying a heavy orange knapsack during the entirety of
the trip. Davis described that law enforcement eventually contacted her after his visit.
Brasseaux eventually came to her property and searched for coins and other collectibles.
2 The record is ambiguous on the exact amount of the check due to a difference in amounts on the
check.
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As previously described, he did not locate any at her property.
H. Nathaniel Head
Head testified regarding his investigation and involvement in the case. He began
by individually interviewing witnesses including Valeri, Rick, Debra, and Mosier to gather
their independent accounts. Using this information, he then visited the various coin shops
including D&A Williams, Gold Coin Mart, and Leshem. He spoke with the owners and
obtained invoices matching the ones provided by the family as well as additional invoices.
Each invoice confirmed Young had visited and sold coins. Head was able to seize some
of the coins Young sold and took photos of them. These photos were admitted into
evidence. He also testified regarding DPS’s inventory of the stolen coins and other items.
Head provided, and the trial court admitted as evidence, emails from some of Young’s
sales. Emails from Young to Leshem described him as inheriting the coins and looking to
sell the inherited coins.
Following his investigation, Head obtained a warrant for Young’s arrest in
September 2022. He coordinated with Louisiana authorities to locate and arrest Young at
a casino in Louisiana. Head reviewed photos of the inventory of Young’s truck. He also
obtained a warrant for Young’s phone and determined he sold coins to Regal Coin &
Jewelry, and Gold and Beyond in Las Vegas, Nevada. Head located more invoices and
Young’s ID card attached to these invoices, which were admitted into evidence.
I. Alex Bundy
Alex Bundy, a digital forensic analyst with DPS, testified that he extracted data
from Young’s phone. He plugged it into a software that extracts phone data and was able
to obtain “full-file system extraction” and other data. Bundy placed this data on a hard
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drive for later review. He conceded on cross-examination he did not know the phone
belonged to Young in particular.
J. Arissa Hendershot
Arissa Hendershot, a digital forensic analyst with DPS, testified she analyzed the
data extracted from Young’s phone. She verified via the device’s serial number that it was
the same device for which there was a search warrant. The phone had data for multiple
accounts linked to Young. She described texts between Young and various individuals
describing the values of various coins and other metals. The data also included Google
searches for selling coins.
K. Scott Gilbert
Scott Gilbert, the owner of Gold & Coin Mart, testified about the nature of his
business and how he learned about Young’s thefts from Debra. After she came to his
shop, he checked his records and remembered the sales with Young. He provided sales
records to law enforcement and testified about the various items he purchased from
Young. Gilbert valued the items he bought from Young as follows: $65,961 in gold coins,
$31,215 in Silver Eagle coins, $27,430 in Morgan Dollars, $5,600 in Peace Dollars,
$4,470 in Commemorative Set coins, $353.50 in Eisenhower dollars, $3,923.25 in proof
sets, $650 in silver ingots, and other items. The final total was $142,172.50. His valuation
was based on May 2022 prices, though he admitted he bought the items from Young at
different times, and there could be a “wild difference” in price from month to month. On
redirect, Gilbert clarified the valuation was based on prices much lower than when Young
sold the coins.
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L. Mike McAnarney
Mike McAnarney, a DPS lieutenant, testified he was a former spouse of one of
Debra’s sisters. He remained in contact with the family after the divorce and learned
Mosier’s coins were stolen. He testified he was aware of the collection since he was
married to the family for eighteen years. After learning Georgetown police were too busy
to investigate the alleged thefts, McAnarney contacted other DPS officials about the case,
leading to Head’s assignment to the matter. He did not want to be involved in the
investigation because he had personal relationships with Young and Debra. He had no
further involvement after Head’s initial meeting with the family. Young never told
McAnarney that he inherited the coins.
M. Amanda Wells
Amanda Wells, Young’s sister, testified their deceased parents willed various items
to Young including tools, a bag of coins, and some pens. She claimed she could not
identify any of the individual coins in the bag. These coins allegedly first belonged to their
grandparents, but their parents devised the coins to Young only, despite having three
other brothers. The grandparents also never discussed having any coins with her. She
admitted on cross that she never told Head during his investigation that Young inherited
any coins. She conceded her grandfather passed in 1994 and could not buy coins after,
and that her father passed in 2014 and could not buy coins from after that.
N. Christopher Young
Young testified about his relationship with Debra. He claimed Debra had gambling
and drinking problems and racked up hundreds of dollars in gambling debt. He also
described helping Debra’s parents move to Texas and learning about Mosier’s coin
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collection. He claimed he never moved coins to their attic and never opened the boxes.
Instead, Young asserted Debra loaded several boxes of Mosier’s coins into his truck
during the moving process, and he brought them to their home in Pearland, later
discovering they contained coins. He testified he never intentionally took boxes with coins
and that he sold all of the coins at Debra’s direction. Young assumed Mosier gave the
coins to Debra.
He also claimed he gave Debra all of the money from the sales. Young further
testified he received other coins from his father but could not recall if he sold any of them.
He agreed he had bought the lock for Mosier’s closet, but that Debra and Mosier were
with him when he put the lock on. Young contended he gave both keys to Mosier. He
claimed he never opened the closet afterwards and did not steal any coins. On cross,
Young conceded the various sale locations and amounts as described above. Young also
admitted Mosier did not give him any coins or any other items from his collection and
conceded his communications to the various stores that he inherited the items were lies.
On March 12, 2025, the jury found Young guilty of the above-described charge.
On March 13, 2026, Young pled true to the penalty paragraph and a sentencing hearing
occurred. Following the hearing, the jury sentenced him as described above. This appeal
followed.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Standard of Review & Applicable Law
To determine if a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence, we review
“whether the record evidence could reasonably support a finding of guilty beyond a
reasonable doubt.” Thornton v. State, 425 S.W.3d 289, 303 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014)
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(quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318 (1979)). “The relevant question ‘is
whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any
rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a
reasonable doubt.’” Id. (citing Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319). “This familiar standard gives full
play to the responsibility of the trier of fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to
weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.”
Edwards v. State, 635 S.W.3d 649, 655 (Tex. Crim. App. 2021) (quoting Jackson, 443
U.S. at 319)).
“[T]he essential elements of a crime ‘are defined by the hypothetically correct jury
charge’ which ‘accurately sets out the law, is authorized by the indictment, does not
unnecessarily increase the State’s burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State’s
theories of liability, and adequately describes the particular offense’ the defendant is
being accused of.” Lang v. State, 664 S.W.3d 155, 174 (Tex. Crim. App. 2022) (quoting
Alfaro-Jimenez v. State, 577 S.W.3d 240, 244 (Tex. Crim. App. 2019)). Here, Young was
convicted of theft of property valued over $30,000, but less than $150,000, from an elderly
individual. See TEX. PENAL CODE § 31.03(e)(5), (f)(3)(A). “The essential elements of theft
include the statutory elements as laid out in [Section] 31.03(a) ‘as modified by the
charging instrument.’” Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174 (quoting Alfaro-Jimenez, 577 S.W.3d at
244). “A person commits an offense if he unlawfully appropriates property with intent to
deprive the owner of property.” TEX. PENAL CODE § 31.03(a). “Appropriation of property is
unlawful if” taken without the owner’s consent. Id. § 31.03(b)(1).
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B. Discussion
Young’s sole argument is that the evidence adduced at trial is insufficient to
support his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. He claims the State’s evidence indicated
that many other people had access to the stolen items and did not rule out other possible
perpetrators of the theft, such as Debra, Reeder, or their nephews. According to Young,
these possibilities mean the State failed to prove the essential elements of the crime. See
Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174.
However, Young’s argument misunderstands the nature of a sufficiency review.
The possibility of other culprits does not render the State’s evidence supporting Young’s
conviction insufficient. See Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 14 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
Instead, to uphold Young’s conviction, we must review the evidence in the light favorable
to the State and determine if this evidence allowed the jury to find the essential elements
of the theft, as modified by the charging instrument. See Thornton, 425 S.W.3d at 303;
Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174. Thus, we must review and determine if the evidence supported
finding that: A) the property was owned by Mosier, B) Young unlawfully appropriated the
property, meaning taking it without Mosier’s consent, and C) with intent to deprive Mosier
of the property. See TEX. PENAL CODE § 31.03(a), (b)(1). We also determine if the
evidence supports finding Mosier was an elderly individual and the value of the stolen
coins was greater than $30,000 but less than $150,000. See id. § 31.03(e)(5), (f)(3)(A).
1. Age and Property Value
We address the charging instrument modifications together as Young does not
challenge the evidence supporting either finding. There was a plethora of unchallenged
evidence indicating Mosier was an elderly individual at the time of the thefts. “‘Elderly
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individual’ means a person 65 years of age or older.” Id. § 22.04(c)(2). Testimony from
Valeri, Rick, and Debra all confirmed Mosier’s was in his eighties at the time of the crime.
There is no doubt a rational jury could find he was an elderly individual as there was no
contravening evidence. See Thornton, 425 S.W.3d at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174.
Likewise, all record evidence indicates the value of the stolen coins was well above
$30,000. Valeri testified regarding various invoices recovered for the stolen and sold
coins. The invoices for D&A Williams and Gold & Coin Mart alone indicated a collective
value over $31,626 in stolen coins. Reeder also testified that the collective value of all
stolen items totaled $283,000. Debra also testified to the various invoices corroborating
Reeder’s testimony on the value of the stolen and sold items. Stephens, owner of Regal
in Pflugerville, testified to verify a sale indicating a value of at least $4,300.
The State also presented evidence of an independent valuation from Gilbert,
owner of Gold & Coin Mart. Based on his valuation, he purchased items from Young worth
$142,172.50 collectively. Regardless, the jury was entitled to rely on this testimony to
determine the value of the stolen property. Lieber v. State, 483 S.W.3d 175, 178 (Tex.
App.—San Antonio 2015, pet. ref’d). Accordingly, the jury could have determined the
stolen property’s value fell within the applicable range beyond a reasonable doubt. See
Thornton, 425 S.W.3d at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174.
2. Mosier’s Ownership
The State presented overwhelming evidence indicating Mosier’s ownership of the
stolen property. Mosier testified regarding his extensive collection of coins and other
valuables and the decades of effort in accumulating the collection. He verified his
daughters inventoried the collection for him, compiling detailed documentation of each
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item. This testimony was supported by testimony from Debra, Valeri, Rick, and Young
himself regarding awareness that the collection belonged to Mosier. Rick commented how
Mosier specifically noted the particular coins in each set during the inventory. Debra and
Valeri both testified regarding their inventory of the collection and the way the coins were
stored and moved. Rick and Young also testified regarding storage of the coins in various
bins and moving those bins to storage in Round Rock.
Head’s investigation also corroborated that the items at issue belonged to Mosier.
He gathered many of the invoices and worked with the family to match those invoices to
coins in Mosier’ collection. He testified about retrieving some of the coins and returning
them to Mosier. Further, Debra and Valeri testified the invoices for coins and ingots sold
by Young to the various coin stores matched the coins that were part of Mosier’s collection
and missing from his collection. They also testified that many of the belongings recovered
from Young’s truck were items belonging to Mosier.
The only contradicting testimony was from Wells and Young, both claiming that
Young inherited some coins from his parents. However, this testimony did not describe
specific coins, and Young conceded most if not all the coins he sold belonged to Mosier.
Therefore, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and deferring to
the jury’s resolution of the facts, we find there is abundant evidence to determine the
stolen items belonged to Mosier beyond a reasonable doubt. See Thornton, 425 S.W.3d
at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174.
3. Unlawful Appropriation
The record is replete with evidence regarding Young unlawfully appropriating
Mosier’s items, that is, taking the coins and items without Mosier’s consent. Mosier
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testified he never gave any coins to Young, or to any of his daughters; in fact, he never
authorized any individual to sell the coins. Yet Young agreed the coins he sold at the
various stores were Mosier’s property. Young testified Debra gave him the coins to sell
and that he never intentionally took boxes with the coins. However, Debra testified she
did not take any coins and never gave any coins to Young. Further, Head obtained emails
from Young where Young claimed to have inherited the coins.
Valeri testified regarding Young helping move the coins to a secure location and
potentially having a key to access the coins as well. She further testified Young had
access to the Round Rock storage facility where coins were moved, demonstrating
multiple opportunities for Young to unlawfully take the coins. She also testified many of
the sales were just a few days after Young visited Mosier’s home where coins were
located.
While there are competing inferences as to whether Young took the coins without
Mosier’s consent, we defer to the jury’s resolution of these conflicts. See Edwards, 635
S.W.3d at 655. We must merely determine if the record evidence supports a finding
Young took the items without Mosier’s consent if viewing it in the light most favorable to
the State. See Thornton, 425 S.W.3d at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174. The jury easily
could have considered the bounteous testimony regarding Young lacking permission to
take the coins, Mosier never giving the coins to any individual, and the resulting sales to
make that determination. Accordingly, we find a rational trier of fact could have found
Young unlawfully appropriated the items beyond a reasonable doubt. See Thornton, 425
S.W.3d at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174.
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4. Intent to Deprive Mosier
“Intent to deprive must be determined from the words and acts of the accused.”
Garcia v. State, 2019 WL 3720634, at *3 (Tex. App.—Texarkana Aug. 8, 2019, no pet.)
(mem. op., not designated for publication) (quoting Griffin v. State, 614 S.W.2d 155, 159
(Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981)). The record contains a multitude of evidence
regarding Young’s actions and statements indicating an intent to deprive Mosier of the
coins. As previously discussed, multiple witnesses testified regarding Young helping
move the coins and thus being aware of where coins were located.
Both Debra and Valeri testified regarding Young getting angry in response to
Debra accusing him of taking the coins and leaving. Debra further testified about Young
suddenly leaving their home and disappearing, not being found until he was arrested in a
different state with Mosier’s stolen property in his truck. Young fleeing the state with
Mosier’s property in his possession after denying having possession is indicative of a lack
of intent to return any property. Evidence that Young sold massive quantities of the coins
to various stores while claiming to have inherited them is also evidence that Young was
lying about where he got the coins and therefore did not obtain them from Debra to sell
them, as he claimed in his testimony.
Further, evidence that Young offered alternate culprits of theft of the coins such as
nephews can indicate Young’s intent was to keep the coins and not return them. Young
also never testified he was given all of Mosier’s items in his truck bed. Debra offered other
testimony regarding Young having money from unexplained sources, which is further
evidence indicating Young took and sold the coins without intent to return them. Davis’s
testimony also supports Young’s intent as she stated he told her he inherited items from
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Mosier and seemingly attempted to sell some on a trip they took together after he left
Debra. Hendershot testified that Young’s phone data contained texts where Young was
attempting to obtain values on coins and Google searches for selling coins.
Therefore, despite Young’s testimony that he sold coins at Debra’s direction, the
jury had plenty of evidence with which to resolve the competing inferences on whether
Young’s version of events was true or the version supported by the other evidence. See
Edwards, 635 S.W.3d at 655. Reviewing the evidence in favor of the prosecution, it is
plainly demonstrable a rational fact finder could have determined Young intended to
deprive Mosier of his property. See Thornton, 425 S.W.3d at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at
174. This element also had sufficient evidence for a jury to find it beyond a reasonable
doubt. See Thornton, 425 S.W.3d at 303; Lang, 664 S.W.3d at 174.
Based on the above, we overrule Young’s sole issue.
III. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
YSMAEL D. FONSECA
Justice
Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed on the
6th day of August, 2026.
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