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Smith v. State

2026-08-27

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Opinion

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

JEFFREY SMITH, §

§ No. 148, 2026

Defendant Below, §

Appellant, § Court Below—Superior Court

§ of the State of Delaware

v. §

§ Cr. ID No. 2405006443 (N)

STATE OF DELAWARE, §

§

Appellee. §

Submitted: August 4, 2026

Decided: August 27, 2026

Before SEITZ, Chief Justice; TRAYNOR and LEGROW, Justices.

ORDER

Upon consideration of the appellant’s opening brief, the appellee’s motion to

affirm, and the record below, it appears to the Court that:

(1) The appellant, Jeffrey Smith, filed this appeal from the Superior Court’s

denial of his motion for sentence modification. The State has moved to affirm the

judgment below on the ground that it is manifest on the face of the opening brief that

the appeal is without merit. We agree and affirm.

(2) Smith pleaded no contest to the class D felony of second-degree sexual

abuse of a child by a person in a position of trust (“Sexual Abuse”) and to the class

F felony of second-degree unlawful sexual contact (“Unlawful Sexual Contact”).

Smith and the State agreed to recommend the following sentence: for Sexual Abuse, eight years of imprisonment, suspended after three years for decreasing levels of

supervision; and for Unlawful Sexual Contact, three years of imprisonment,

suspended for eighteen months of probation. The Superior Court did not accept the

parties’ recommendation. The court sentenced Smith to six years of nonsuspended

prison time for Sexual Abuse, rather than three, and one year of nonsuspended time

for Unlawful Sexual Contact, rather than none.

(3) Smith filed, with the assistance of counsel, a motion for sentence

modification. Smith asserted that the Sentencing Accountability Commission

(“SENTAC”) guidelines establish a presumptive sentence of up to two years for

Sexual Abuse and up to nine months for Unlawful Sexual Contact. 1 He argued that

the Superior Court misapplied aggravating circumstances to support an excessive

upward departure from the sentencing guidelines and gave insufficient weight to

mitigating circumstances. The Superior Court denied the motion, and this appeal

followed.

(4) We review the denial of a motion for sentence modification for abuse

of discretion.2 This Court’s review of sentences that are within statutory limits is

“extremely limited.”3 A sentencing court abuses its discretion when the sentence is

1

SENTAC Benchbook 2025, at 57, 59, 70 available at https://cjc.delaware.gov/wpcontent/uploads/sites/.

61/2025/06/Bench-Book-2025-Final.pdf.

2

Gladden v. State, 2020 WL 773290, at *1 (Del. Feb. 17, 2020).

3

Cooling v. State, 2023 WL 8278529, at *2 (Del. Nov. 30, 2023).

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based on factual predicates that are false, impermissible, or lack minimal reliability;

judicial vindictiveness or bias; or a closed mind.4 A sentencing judge has broad

discretion to consider information pertaining to a defendant’s personal history and

behavior that is not confined exclusively to the conduct for which the defendant was

convicted.5 Moreover, this Court has “repeatedly held” that the “Superior Court’s

failure to follow the nonbinding SENTAC guidelines, or to state its reasons for not

following the guidelines, is simply no basis for appeal.”6 The Superior Court has

“near-complete discretion as to whether to follow the SENTAC guidelines.”7

(5) In this appeal, Smith first argues that the Superior Court erroneously

applied “undue depreciation of offense” as an aggravating factor. Relying on the

SENTAC Benchbook’s statement that undue depreciation applies if “[i]t would

unduly depreciate the seriousness of the offense to impose a sentence of other than

total confinement,” 8 Smith contends that this aggravating factor does not apply if, as

for Sexual Abuse and Unlawful Sexual Contact, the presumptive sentence includes

Level V time. But even if Smith is correct that the “undue depreciation” aggravating

factor explicitly identified in the Benchbook refers only to presumptive sentences

that do not include Level V time, the sentencing guidelines do not preclude the

4

Id.

5

Wallace v. State, 2024 WL 3874151, at *5 (Del. Aug. 20, 2024).

6

Id. (internal quotations omitted).

7

Anderson v. State, 2025 WL 2993469, at *3 (Del. Oct. 24, 2025). 8

Benchbook, supra note 1, at 123 (emphasis added).

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Superior Court from determining that imposing the presumptive period of

incarceration would unduly depreciate the seriousness of an offense. The SENTAC

aggravating and mitigating circumstances are “provided as examples and are not

intended to be exclusive reasons for departure.” 9 Thus, we conclude that the Superior

Court acted within the scope of its “near-complete discretion”10 when determining

that Smith should be sentenced to more than the presumptive sentence.

(6) Second, Smith argues that the Superior Court erroneously applied

“need for correctional treatment” as an aggravating factor, because the presumptive

sentence of two years and nine months for the two crimes—or the three-year

sentence recommended in the plea agreement—would be sufficient for Smith to

complete a sex-offender treatment program while incarcerated. The Superior Court

stated that it took into account the amount of time served and good time credits in

determining whether the recommended sentence was sufficient to meet Smith’s need

for treatment at Level V and for punishment. We find no abuse of discretion as to

this issue.

(7) Third, Smith contends that lack of remorse alone could not support

sentencing aggravation of the magnitude imposed by the court, particularly when

balanced by the mitigating factors that the court recognized. Because the Superior

9

Id. at 121.

10

Anderson, 2025 WL 2993469, at *3.

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Court appropriately found several aggravating factors and weighed those factors

against the mitigating factors in an exercise of its sentencing discretion, this

argument does not provide a basis for reversal.

(8) Finally, Smith challenges the court’s finding that he posed a continuing

threat to the victim. He emphasizes that the underlying conduct occurred in 2012

and 2013; states that Smith’s psychoforensic evaluation was contrary to the

conclusion that Smith was a continuing threat to the victim; and asserts that there

was no factual support for the court’s finding that Smith’s positive achievements and

community service were insincere or a façade for his crimes. Smith also argues that

the court erroneously found that Smith engaged in “uncharged misconduct”—

threatening the victim’s financial support and resources if he reported the crimes—

that Smith did not admit.

(9) As to the latter point, the court asked defense counsel to comment on

whether Smith had made the alleged statements, and Smith had an opportunity to—

and did—address the court in allocution. The fact that Smith elected not to address

the allegations about the financial threats does not render the court’s finding

erroneous. Moreover, the characterization of the issue as “uncharged misconduct”

does not establish a basis for reversal. As to the court’s finding more generally, the

sentencing court has broad discretion to consider information pertaining to a

defendant’s personal history and behavior which is not confined exclusively to

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conduct for which that defendant was convicted. 11 The Superior Court carefully

considered the information presented—including the parties’ recommended

sentence, the presentence report, the victim’s written statement, the psychological

report, numerous character letters, and the appellant’s statements at sentencing—and

made a sentencing determination based on that information. Smith’s disagreement

with the court’s conclusions does not establish reversible error.

NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the Motion to Affirm is

GRANTED and the judgment of the Superior Court be AFFIRMED.

BY THE COURT:

/s/ Gary F. Traynor

Justice

11

Mayes v. State, 604 A.2d 839, 842 (Del. 1992).

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