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Moufawad v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio

2026-08-27

Summary

Holding. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's judgment upholding the Board's indefinite suspension of Moufawad's medical license. The court held that Moufawad failed to demonstrate material prejudice from the delay sufficient to violate his due process rights, that the doctrine of laches does not apply to government enforcement of public rights, that the Board's interpretation of sexual misconduct rules was correct and did not require a separate finding of exploitation, and that the Board's decision was supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence based largely on Moufawad's own admissions.

Dr. Sami Moufawad, a pain management physician licensed in Ohio since 2004, engaged in conduct with a patient between 2007 and 2011 involving touching the patient's breasts during medical visits. On two occasions in 2007 and once in 2011, when the patient raised her shirt and asked whether her breast size was causing pain, Moufawad lifted her breasts to examine them without offering a gown or chaperone and without documenting the exams in her medical record. After the patient contacted an attorney about pursuing legal action in 2012, the Board opened an investigation that was initially closed without action. Over a decade later, in 2023, the Board reopened the matter and scheduled a hearing on sexual misconduct allegations. Moufawad admitted during the investigation and at the hearing to his actions and acknowledged he should have followed proper protocols.

The hearing examiner found Moufawad violated the Board's rules prohibiting sexual misconduct and recommended suspension. The Board issued an indefinite suspension lasting at least one year, with conditions for reinstatement including ethics training and a two-year probation upon reinstatement. The trial court upheld the Board's decision, and Moufawad appealed, raising three issues: that the Board violated his due process rights through unreasonable delay and should have been barred by the laches doctrine; that the Board failed to prove he exploited the licensee-patient relationship; and that the evidence was insufficient to support the findings.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a ten-year delay between an initial investigation and disciplinary hearing violated a physician's due process rights
  • Whether the doctrine of laches bars government agencies from enforcing public rights after significant delay
  • Whether the Board was required to make an explicit finding that a physician exploited the licensee-patient relationship to establish sexual misconduct
  • Whether the Board's findings of sexual misconduct were supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence

Procedural posture

This administrative appeal arose from the State Medical Board of Ohio's indefinite suspension of Moufawad's license, which the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court affirmed, and Moufawad then appealed to the Eighth Appellate District of Ohio.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

[Cite as Moufawad v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio, 2026-Ohio-3341.]

COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

SAMI MOUFAWAD, M.D., :

Plaintiff-Appellant, :

No. 115983

v. :

STATE MEDICAL BOARD OF OHIO, :

Defendant-Appellee. :

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 27, 2026

Administrative Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas

Case No. CV-24-107917

Appearances:

Friedman, Nemecek, Long & Grant, L.L.C., and Eric C.

Nemecek; Rolf Martin Lang L.L.P., and Christopher G.

Kuhn, for appellant.

Andy Wilson, Attorney General of Ohio, Kyle C. Wilcox, D.

Grant Wilson, and Christie Limbert, Assistant Attorneys

General, for appellee.

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, P.J.:

Appellant Sami Moufawad, M.D. (“Moufawad”), appeals the judgment

of the trial court affirming the indefinite suspension of his medical license by the State Medical Board of Ohio (“Board”). He raises three assignments of error for our

review:

1. The trial court erred/abused its discretion by failing to conclude that

the Board’s actions violated Dr. Moufawad’s constitutional right to due

process of law and/or should have been barred under the doctrine of

laches.

2. The trial court erred/abused its discretion by affirming the Board’s

order despite the absence of any evidence establishing that Dr.

Moufawad exploited the licensee-patient relationship.

3. The trial court abused its discretion by affirming the Board’s 2024

order despite the absence of reliable, probative, and substantial

evidence supporting the same.

After a careful review of the record and applicable law, we find that

Moufawad has not shown that the common pleas court erred by failing to conclude

that his constitutional right to due process was violated or that the Board’s action

was barred by the doctrine of laches. He further has not demonstrated that the court

erred or abused its discretion in affirming the Board’s indefinite suspension of his

license to practice medicine. There was reliable, probative, and substantial evidence

to support the decision of the Board.

We overrule the assignments of error and affirm the judgment of the

trial court.

I. Factual and Procedural History

This appeal arose from the Board’s indefinite suspension of

Moufawad’s license to practice medicine in Ohio for a violation of the Board’s sexual

misconduct rules.

The salient facts in this matter are largely undisputed. Moufawad had

been licensed to practice medicine in Ohio since 2004. He practiced physical

medicine, rehabilitation, and pain management. In 2007, he saw a woman for

chronic pain in her back and abdomen (“the patient ”). His treatment of the patient

included prescribed opioids and injections. She saw Moufawad every month for six

months. During this time, on two separate occasions, the patient inquired as to

whether the size of her breasts was causing her pain. As she made the inquiry, she

raised her shirt and bra, exposing her breasts to Moufawad.

Both times, Moufawad “lifted” the patient’s breasts to perform a

cursory breast exam. He did not offer the patient a gown or the presence of a

chaperone. Moufawad advised the patient that he did not believe her breast size was

the cause of her pain. Neither breast exam was documented in the patient’s medical

record.1 Moufawad stated that he did not document them because he felt her breast

size was not the cause of her pain.

Sometime after the patient’s last visit in 2007, Moufawad implemented

an office policy requiring a member of his staff to be present during all patient visits.

The patient did not return to Moufawad’s office until December 2010.

She had an appointment with him for lower back, abdominal, and pelvic pain.

Moufawad’s medical assistant was present during this visit. The patient again

inquired as to whether her breast size was contributing to her lower back pain;

1 Moufawad acknowledged that he did not perform a complete and proper breast

exam because that is not part of his routine practice.

Moufawad advised her to see a surgeon. Moufawad recognized the patient from her

previous appointments but later said that he did not remember that she had exposed

her breasts to him twice in 2007.

The patient told her primary care physician about Moufawad’s actions

in touching her breasts. The patient’s doctor advised her to go to the police or the

hospital advocate. The record does not reflect that the patient took either action.

In January 2011, the patient again saw Moufawad. His medical

assistant was also present in the room. The patient asked why the medical assistant

was necessary and objected to her remaining in the room. Moufawad then asked his

assistant to leave; the door to the exam room remained partially open, and the visit

continued. During his examination of the patient, she lifted her shirt and bra as she

had previously and asked whether she needed surgery. Moufawad again “lifted” the

patient’s breasts and told her he did not believe her breasts were causing her pain.

Moufawad did not offer the patient a gown or a chaperone and did not document his

touching of her breasts; he stated that it was not part of her medical treatment

because she had come to him about her back and he did not believe her breast size

was related to her back pain.

Moufawad saw the patient three more times in 2011. At each

appointment, Moufawad’s medical assistant acted as a chaperone and remained in

the exam room the entire time. The patient requested that the chaperone leave, but

Moufawad refused. After the third visit in 2011, Moufawad terminated his doctorpatient relationship with the patient.

In May 2011, the patient sent Moufawad a handwritten letter that

referenced the instances of Moufawad touching her breasts. Moufawad testified that

he panicked and shredded the letter; he later realized that his staff had read the letter

and had likely made a copy. Several weeks later, the patient sent him another

handwritten letter, referencing the same actions.

In August 2011, Moufawad was informed that an investigation had

been opened by the Board regarding a complaint made by the patient.2 As part of

the investigation, Moufawad was interviewed by a Board investigator. During the

interview, Moufawad denied ever touching the patient’s breasts. One week later,

Moufawad sent a letter to the investigator and admitted to not being “completely

truthful and candid” during the interview. He explained that the patient had

exposed her breasts by raising her shirt and bra and that he had briefly lifted her

breasts. He admitted to all three instances where he had touched the patient’s

breasts and acknowledged that he had not conducted himself appropriately with the

patient or with the investigator during the interview. He further acknowledged that

he had not documented his touching or examining of the patient’s breasts and that

he had not used proper technique for a breast exam.

The investigation was closed with no action taken.

2 It is unclear whether the patient or her physician had reported the incidents that

started the investigation.

In 2012, Moufawad received a letter from the patient’s attorney stating

that the patient intended to file suit against him for medical malpractice and assault.

An affidavit by the patient was attached to the letter.

Less than two months later, the patient’s attorney sent a second letter

reiterating the intent to file a lawsuit and demanding the patient’s medical records.

Moufawad provided the records but did not otherwise respond to the letters. No

suit was ever filed, and the patient passed away in 2016.

In March 2023, the Board issued a “Notice of Opportunity for

Hearing” to Moufawad stating that it was considering taking disciplinary action

against him based upon allegations of sexual misconduct — specifically, touching

the patient’s breasts without a chaperone or gown on two occasions in 2007 and

again in 2011. The notice further informed Moufawad of his right to request a

hearing, which he subsequently did.

At the hearing, the State presented an affidavit from the patient

detailing her experiences as Moufawad’s patient.3 Moufawad testified at the hearing

and presented the testimony of his medical assistant, several other physicians and a

nurse with whom he had worked, and patient surveys depicting favorable responses

regarding his treatment.

3 The affidavit was the same one that had been attached to the patient’s attorney’s

letter to Moufawad stating the intention to file suit against him. Moufawad’s counsel did not object to this exhibit, even though the patient was deceased and could not be crossexamined about it. Ultimately, the hearing examiner stated that he gave little weight to the affidavit.

Moufawad admitted that he had lied to the investigator about

touching and lifting the patient’s breasts. Moufawad was asked if his failure to offer

a gown or the presence of a chaperone was a violation of the Board’s rules, and he

said yes. Nevertheless, Moufawad stated that he believed that he had implied

consent to perform the exam and that he was unaware that he should have offered a

gown or chaperone before performing a breast exam under the Board’s rules. But

he admitted that he violated his own policy by asking the chaperone to leave the

room and that he should have brought a chaperone into the room as soon as the

patient exposed her breasts. Moufawad further acknowledged that he did not

conduct a proper breast exam and that he should have documented everything that

happened.

Moufawad testified that he did not recall that the patient had

previously exposed her breasts to him and only remembered after the January 2011

visit. Moufawad stated that the patient was the only patient who had ever exposed

her breasts to him during an exam.

The Board’s hearing examiner issued a “Report and

Recommendation” finding that Moufawad violated R.C. 4731.22(B)(6) and (B)(20),

and Adm.Code 4731-26-02. He found the violations were committed three times —

twice in 2007 and once in 2011.

The hearing examiner found that Moufawad did not offer the patient

a gown or note any breast exam in her chart on each of the three occasions and he

did not offer her a chaperone on two occasions. He determined that Moufawad’s motivations for the exam were not medically driven and lacked therapeutic

justification, which warranted a harsh sanction.

The hearing examiner further found that the allegations against

Moufawad had been proven and recommended a suspension of his medical license.

He did not find Moufawad to be credible when he stated that in 2011 he had not

recalled the patient previously exposing her breasts to him.

Moufawad filed objections to the “Report and Recommendation”

wherein he outlined the statements that he believed were not accurate and provided

additional context, including his lack of awareness as to the patient’s mental-health

issues, addiction to pain medication, and lack of reporting of the incidents.

The Board considered the hearing examiner’s report at a Board

meeting in November 2024 and subsequently issued an “Entry of Order”

suspending Moufawad’s license. The suspension was indefinite but would last not

less than one year. The order set forth certain conditions that were to be met before

Moufawad’s license could be reinstated, including applying for reinstatement and

completing certain courses in ethics and patient boundaries. In addition, upon

reinstatement, Moufawad would be subject to certain probationary terms for at least

two years.

Moufawad appealed the decision of the Board to the Cuyahoga County

Common Pleas Court under R.C. 119.12(B)(2). He asserted that the Board’s decision

was not supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence and was not in

accordance with the law.

The parties filed their respective briefs and later presented their

positions via oral argument. Moufawad argued that (1) the Board violated his dueprocess rights and its actions should have been barred by the doctrine of laches; (2)

the Board’s order was contrary to law because there was no evidence that he had

exploited the licensee-patient relationship; and (3) the Board’s decision was not

supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence.

The common pleas court entered an order affirming the decision of

the Board and issued a written opinion, finding no merit to any of Moufawad’s

assignments of error. Moufawad then filed the instant appeal.

II. Law and Analysis

Administrative appeals of an agency’s decisions are governed by

R.C. 119.12. The first appeal is to the common pleas court, which must uphold the

decision of an administrative agency when, after considering the entire record, it

determines the agency’s decision is supported by “reliable, probative, and

substantial evidence and is in accordance with the law.” R.C. 119.12(N); Pons v. Ohio

State Med. Bd., 66 Ohio St.3d 619, 621 (1993); Reed v. Dept. of Pub. Safety, 2021-Ohio-4314, ¶ 10 (8th Dist.) (citing R.C. 119.12(M), now renumbered to

R.C. 119.12(N)).

This standard requires the “‘common pleas court to conduct two

inquiries: a hybrid factual/legal inquiry and a purely legal inquiry.’” Reed at ¶ 11,

quoting Bartchy v. State Bd. of Edn., 2008-Ohio-4826, ¶ 37. Under the factual and

legal inquiry, the common pleas court is required to give deference to the administrative agency’s factual findings. Id., citing Univ. of Cincinnati v. Conrad,

63 Ohio St.2d 108, 111 (1980). However, the Board’s findings are not conclusive and

the common pleas court may reverse, vacate, or modify an administrative order if it

determines that “‘“there exist legally significant reasons for discrediting certain

evidence relied upon by the administrative body, and necessary to its determination

. . . .”’” Bartchy at id., quoting Ohio Historical Soc. v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 66

Ohio St.3d 466, 470-471 (1993), quoting Conrad at 111. With respect to the

administrative agency’s legal conclusions, the common pleas court “‘must construe

the law on its own’” — in other words, conduct a de novo review — without deference

to the Board’s findings. Bartchy at ¶ 38, quoting id. at 471.

An appellate court’s review of the common pleas court’s decision is

even more limited. Appellate review of the court’s evidentiary rulings is for an abuse

of discretion. McClendon v. Ohio Dept. of Edn., 2017-Ohio-187, ¶ 9 (8th Dist.),

citing Pons at 621. An “abuse of discretion” occurs where “a court exercise[s] its

judgment, in an unwarranted way, in regard to a matter over which it has

discretionary authority.” Johnson v. Abdullah, 2021-Ohio-3304, ¶ 35. As further

explained by the Ohio Supreme Court:

Stated differently, an abuse of discretion involves more than a

difference in opinion: the “‘term discretion itself involves the idea of

choice, of an exercise of the will, of a determination made between

competing considerations.’” State v. Jenkins, 15 Ohio St.3d 164, 222,

15 Ohio B. 311, 473 N.E.2d 264 (1984), quoting Spalding v. Spalding,

355 Mich. 382, 384, 94 N.W.2d 810 (1959). For a court of appeals to

reach an abuse-of-discretion determination, the trial court’s judgment

must be so profoundly and wholly violative of fact and reason that “‘it

evidences not the exercise of will but perversity of will, not the exercise

of judgment but defiance thereof, not the exercise of reason but rather

of passion or bias.’” Id., quoting Spalding at 384-385.

State v. Weaver, 2022-Ohio-4371, ¶ 24.

However, this court reviews purely legal questions, e.g., the

construction of a statute or constitutional provisions, under the de novo standard of

review. McClendon at ¶ 9.

A. Due Process and Laches

In his first assignment of error, Moufawad argues that the trial court

erred in not finding that the Board’s actions violated his constitutional right to due

process. Moufawad asserts that the delay caused the unavailability of key witnesses

that could have exculpated his actions, including the patient, who had passed away,

and the Board investigator, who had retired from the Board. Moufawad further

contends that the Board’s actions should have been barred by the doctrine of laches

because the Board reopened his case over ten years after it first became aware of the

allegations.

“R.C. Chapter 119 does not include any provision such as a statute of

limitations that places a time limit on an agency’s ability to begin the administrative

adjudication process.” Morgan v. Liquor Control Comm., 2009-Ohio-3232, ¶ 12

(10th Dist.) However, “administrative agencies must give licensees a fair hearing

and determination as expeditiously as possible under the circumstances . . . .”

Griffin v. State Med. Bd., 2009-Ohio-4849, ¶ 9 (10th Dist.), citing Gourmet

Beverage Ctr., Inc. v. Ohio Liquor Control Comm., 2002-Ohio-3338, ¶ 25 (10th Dist.). (“[I]t is the duty of an administrative agency to hear matters pending before

it without unreasonable delay and with due regard to the rights and interests of the

litigants.”).

The common pleas court determined that Moufawad had not

demonstrated that he suffered material prejudice from the delay. While the court

recognized that witnesses were unavailable after ten years, the court found that this

“did not affect the fact that Moufawad admitted and testified to the actions at issue.”

(Dec. 30, 2025 journal entry, p. 17.)

Moufawad relies on Mowery v. Ohio State Bd. of Pharmacy, 1997

Ohio App. LEXIS 4414 (11th Dist. Sept. 30, 1997), where a pharmacist was notified

that his license was in jeopardy five years after an investigation had been started.

The Mowery Court noted that the Board did not provide any credible basis for the

delay and found that the pharmacist’s due-process rights had been violated.

Moufawad argues that his position is even more compelling because the time lapse

in Mowery was only five years while there was a ten-year delay in his case.

“[W]hen evaluating a due-process argument within the context of an

agency’s delay in bringing formal accusations against a professional license

holder . . . we focus our analysis on whether the licensee suffered any material

prejudice as a result of the agency’s delay.” Griffin, 2009-Ohio-4849, at ¶ 9 (10th

Dist.), citing Smith v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 3229, *5 (10th

Dist. July 19, 2001) (“[W]e find that appellant failed to demonstrate how he has been materially prejudiced by the Board’s delay, and that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion by rejecting the affirmative defense of laches.”).

In its briefing, the Board offers no explanation for the over ten-year

delay between the investigation and the proceedings.4 At oral argument, the panel

questioned counsel for the Board regarding the reason for the extraordinary delay

in finally hearing the matter. Counsel offered no justification but maintained that it

was appropriate and necessary for the matter to still be adjudicated because of

“public interest.” This explanation is disingenuous and defies logic. In the over ten

years between the closing of the original investigation and the subsequent

reopening, Moufawad continued to treat patients, all of whom were most likely

unaware of the allegations against him and the fact that he had fully admitted to

engaging in the behaviors alleged. The best way to serve the “public interest” would

have been to address this matter in a timely fashion, which would have protected

Moufawad’s patients, along with any other prospective patients.

While we are very troubled by such a lengthy delay, particularly one

without any stated justification, we cannot find that Moufawad has demonstrated a

violation of his due-process rights. The concern with delayed proceedings is that

memories will fade and witnesses may disappear. It is true that The patient was

unavailable to appear and testify at the 2023 hearing and that the board investigator

4 The delay was discussed during the November 2024 Board meeting, and several

members acknowledged that the case was “older” but still remained important to adjudicate.

had retired; however, it was Moufawad’s own testimony and admissions that

provided the evidence to find that he engaged in sexual misconduct.5 Moufawad has

therefore not demonstrated any prejudice by the delay.

In addition, the Ohio Supreme Court has addressed the application of

laches, noting that “it is well settled that in the absence of a statute to the contrary,

laches is generally no defense to a suit by the government to enforce a public right

or protect a public interest.” Ohio State Bd. of Pharmacy v. Frantz, 51 Ohio St.3d

143, 146 (1990). “[T]o impute laches onto the government would be to erroneously

impede the government in the exercise of its duty to enforce the law and protect the

public interest.” Sutton v. Ohio State Bd. of Pharmacy, 2002 Ohio App. LEXIS

2051, *10 (11th Dist. Apr. 30, 2002), citing Frantz at id. Moufawad has not cited an

applicable statute, and we find that laches does not apply.

Moufawad’s first assignment of error is overruled.

B. Statutory Interpretation

In his second assignment of error, Moufawad argues that the trial

court erred in affirming the Board’s order, which was predicated on an erroneous

interpretation of the applicable statutes. Specifically, Moufawad contends that the

Board failed to specifically determine that his conduct with The patient had

5 It is unclear whether the investigator could have appeared and testified at the

hearing. The Board argues that Moufawad had the opportunity to subpoena her but also notes that her testimony would have been limited pursuant to confidentiality rules under R.C. 4731.22(F)(5).

exploited the licensee-patient relationship and that the Board misinterpreted the

definition of sexual misconduct with regard to his actions with The patient.

The hearing examiner determined that Moufawad had violated

Adm.Code 4731-26-02, which precludes a licensee from engaging in sexual

misconduct with a patient.6 The code provides the following pertinent definitions:

(H) “Sexual misconduct” means conduct that exploits the licenseepatient relationship in a sexual way, whether verbal or physical, and

may include the expression of thoughts, feelings, or gestures that are

sexual or that reasonably may be construed by a patient as sexual.

Sexual misconduct includes sexual impropriety, sexual contact, or

sexual interaction as follows:

(1) “Sexual impropriety” means conduct by the licensee that is

seductive, sexually suggestive, disrespectful of patient privacy, or

sexually demeaning to a patient, including but not limited to, the

following:

(a) Neglecting to employ disrobing or draping practices respecting the

patient’s privacy;

(g) Failing to offer the patient the opportunity to have a third person or

chaperone in the examining room during an intimate examination

and/or failing to provide a third person or chaperone in the examining

room during an intimate examination upon the request of the patient.

(2) “Sexual contact” includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(a) Touching a breast or any body part that has sexual connotation for

the licensee or patient, for any purpose other than appropriate health

care services, or where the patient has refused or has withdrawn

consent [ ]

6 A licensee means, inter alia, “[a]n individual holding a license to practice medicine and surgery, osteopathic medicine and surgery, or podiatric medicine and surgery under Chapter 4731. [sic] of the Revised Code.” Adm.Code 4731-26-01(A)(2).

(3) “Sexual interaction” means conduct between a licensee and patient,

whether or not initiated by, consented to, or participated in by a

patient, that is sexual or may be reasonably interpreted as sexual,

including but not limited to, the following:

(g) Performing an intimate examination without clinical justification.

Adm.Code 4731-26-01(H).

The Board argues that it is not required to make an express finding

that Moufawad “exploited” the licensee-patient relationship, as that term is used in

the definition of “sexual misconduct.” And even if such a finding were required,

there was ample evidence to support a finding of exploitation.

The Tenth District addressed this issue in Klickovich v. State Med. Bd.

of Ohio, 2025-Ohio-2783 (10th Dist.). The Klickovich Court analyzed the principles

of statutory construction, noting that such principles also apply to administrative

rules.

Under the rules of statutory construction, the use of the word “means”

in defining the term “sexual conduct” has the clear import that this is

the exclusive meaning of the term. Indeed, the use of the word “means”

in defining “sexual misconduct” results in the term and its definition

being interchangeable equivalents. Diller v. Diller, 2021-Ohio-4252, ¶

39, 182 N.E.3d 370 (3d Dist.). Put another way, there can be no finding

of “sexual misconduct” in the absence of “conduct that exploits the

licensee-patient relationship in a sexual way” because they are one

[and] the same thing. Adm.Code 4731-26-01(H).

Id. at ¶ 26. Consequently, the Klickovich Court determined that “a finding of sexual

misconduct necessarily includes a finding of exploitation.” Id. at ¶ 28. While we recognize that Klickovich is not binding upon us, we agree with the analysis of the

Tenth District and find that the Board was not required to make a specific finding of

“exploitation.”

We further find no error in the Board’s interpretation of the rule

defining sexual misconduct. As noted above, sexual misconduct includes sexual

impropriety. And sexual impropriety includes failing to offer a chaperone or a gown

to a patient. There is no dispute that Moufawad admitted to both of these actions.

This alone was sufficient to establish sexual impropriety and, consequently, sexual

misconduct by Moufawad.

We cannot find that the common pleas court abused its discretion in

finding that Moufawad engaged in sexual misconduct. The court was not required

to make a separate finding regarding exploitation, and the second assignment of

error is overruled.

C. Reliable, Probative, and Substantial Evidence

Moufawad’s final assignment of error asserts that the Board’s decision

was not supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence, in particular with

regard to the Board’s finding of lack of therapeutic justification and Moufawad’s

intent. He contends that the hearing examiner considered inadmissible and

unreliable evidence in the form of The patient’s affidavit. He further asserts that

some of the hearing examiner’s factual findings were not based upon evidence in the

record.

The trial court found as follows:

Applying [the statutory standard found in R.C. 119.12] to the evidence

in the record, as explained previously, the testimony of Dr. Moufawad

is reliable, probative, and substantial. This case is unique due to the

lack of a “he said, she said” situation. Rather, the most critical

testimony throughout these proceedings came from Dr. Moufawad

himself. This Court finds the testimony of Dr. Moufawad to be the main

basis of the Board’s decision and subsequent discipline of Dr.

Moufawad. Additionally, the other evidence contained in the record

does not mitigate the actions of Dr. Moufawad. The evidence and

arguments of counsel certainly shed light on the circumstances and

arguably show Dr. Moufawad did not have malicious intentions with

his actions. However, the arguments are not sufficient to find the

Board’s Order and the [Report and Recommendation] to not be based

on reliable, probative, and substantive evidence. This Court finds the

Board relied heavily on the testimony and actions of Appellant and

limited its findings of fact and conclusions in reliance on the actions

Appellant himself admitted to. Dr. Moufawad did not appear to have

predatory intentions, however, his actions still violated the

Administrative Code in regard to sexual misconduct. This Court finds

the Board’s order was based on reliable, probative, and substantive

evidence.

(Dec. 30, 2025 journal entry, p. 24-25.)

Moufawad argues that the hearing examiner afforded more weight to

The patient’s affidavit than he had previously stated and that the hearing examiner

made a factual finding that was not in the record. He also argues against the hearing

examiner’s finding that Moufawad was not credible when he said that he did not

recall that the patient had previously exposed her breasts to him after she engaged

in the same behavior in 2011.

However, even if there had been a more favorable finding regarding

Moufawad’s credibility and the patient’s affidavit had been entirely disregarded, it

is not apparent that the outcome of the proceedings would have been different.

Ultimately, it was Moufawad’s own statements that provided all of the evidence needed to find that he had engaged in sexual misconduct with the patient. And to

the extent that Moufawad asks this court to evaluate the testimony below, he is

inviting this court to go beyond the scope of our review. Even if the evidence would

have led us to a different conclusion, “we are not permitted to substitute our

judgment for that of the trial court, but instead are limited to finding whether or not

the trial court abused its discretion in finding the medical board’s order to be

supported by reliable, probative and substantial evidence.” Politi v. State Med. Bd.,

2007-Ohio-2240, ¶ 16 (10th Dist.).

Based on the record before us, we cannot say that the common pleas

court acted arbitrarily, unreasonably, or unconscionably or otherwise erred in

affirming the Board’s decision to indefinitely suspend Moufawad’s license to

practice medicine. The common pleas court’s decision affirming the Board’s order

was detailed and well reasoned. As noted above, it is not our role to weigh the

evidence or to substitute our judgment for that of the Board and/or the common

pleas court. Harrison v. Ohio Veterinary Med. Licensing Bd., 2009-Ohio-2856,

¶ 15 (10th Dist.), citing Pons, 66 Ohio St.3d at 621.

Finally, Moufawad contends that he was given a harsher sanction

because of the hearing examiner’s erroneous findings regarding Moufawad’s intent

and the patient’s vulnerability. It should be noted that the State sought permanent

revocation of Moufawad’s license, but he instead received an indefinite suspension

of at least one year. “Chapter 4731 of the Revised Code vests the Board with broad

authority to regulate the medical profession in Ohio, and to discipline physicians for non-compliant conduct.” Klickovich, 2025-Ohio-2783, at ¶ 18 (10th Dist.), citing

Griffin, 2009-Ohio-4849 (10th Dist.). Under R.C. 4731.22(B)(6), the Board may

discipline a licensee for his or her “departure from, or the failure to conform to,

minimal standards of care of similar practitioners under the same or similar

circumstances, whether or not actual injury to a patient is established.” Further,

pursuant to R.C. 4731.22(B)(20), the Board may also discipline a licensee for

violating any rule adopted by the Board. “With respect to the punishment selected

by the State Medical Board, neither the common pleas court nor this court is free to

substitute its judgment for that imposed by the State Medical Board if the

punishment imposed is authorized by law.” Politi, 2007-Ohio-2240, at ¶ 18 (10th

Dist.), citing Henry’s Cafe, Inc. v. Bd. of Liquor Control, 170 Ohio St. 233 (1959).

Moufawad does not argue that the punishment was unauthorized by law; he is only

arguing that the penalty imposed by the Board was too harsh. We make no finding

regarding the severity of the indefinite suspension imposed. The third assignment

of error is overruled.

All of Moufawad’s assignments of error having been overruled, the

judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, PRESIDING JUDGE

EMANUELLA D. GROVES, J., and

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR