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State v. Dennis

2026-08-28

Summary

Holding. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Dennis's request for public records because he failed to identify a justiciable claim or pending proceeding as required by Ohio Revised Code § 149.43(B)(8), and any potential remedies were time-barred. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

Emanuel Dennis, convicted of murder and tampering with evidence, sought access to public records including his former defense attorney's files, prosecution discovery materials, and detective interview notes. He argued the records were necessary to prove his innocence. The trial court denied the request, finding that Dennis had not identified a justiciable claim as required by Ohio law and had not demonstrated any pending proceeding for which the documents would be material.

The appellate court affirmed the trial court's decision. Under Ohio Revised Code § 149.43(B)(8), an incarcerated person may not access records related to a criminal investigation or prosecution unless a judge finds the information sought is necessary to support what appears to be a justiciable claim. The court determined that Dennis's vague assertion about proving innocence was insufficient and that any potential motions for new trial or post-conviction relief would be untimely under applicable procedural rules. The requested records would have been available to Dennis's attorney during trial preparation, so they do not constitute newly discovered evidence.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether an incarcerated criminal defendant may obtain public records without identifying a justiciable claim
  • Whether a vague assertion of innocence satisfies the justiciable claim requirement
  • Whether records accessible to defense counsel during trial constitute newly discovered evidence

Procedural posture

This is a criminal appeal from a trial court order denying an incarcerated defendant's motion to compel production of public records related to his conviction.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

[Cite as State v. Dennis, 2026-Ohio-3359.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

MONTGOMERY COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO :

: C.A. No. 30653

Appellee :

: Trial Court Case No. 2020 CR 02185

v. :

: (Criminal Appeal from Common Pleas

EMANUEL STEVEN DENNIS : Court)

:

Appellant : FINAL JUDGMENT ENTRY &

: OPINION

Pursuant to the opinion of this court rendered on August 28, 2026, the judgment of

the trial court is affirmed.

Costs to be paid as stated in App.R. 24.

Pursuant to Ohio App.R. 30(A), the clerk of the court of appeals shall immediately

send a copy of the court’s ruling to each party and note that action on the docket.

Additionally, pursuant to App.R. 27, the clerk of the court of appeals shall send a certified

copy of this judgment, which constitutes a mandate, to the clerk of the trial court and note

the service on the appellate docket.

For the court,

CHRISTOPHER B. EPLEY, JUDGE

HANSEMAN, J., concurs.

HUFFMAN, J., concurs in judgment only.

OPINION

MONTGOMERY C.A. No. 30653

EMANUEL STEVEN DENNIS, Appellant, Pro Se

ANDREW T. FRENCH, Attorney for Appellee

EPLEY, J.

{¶ 1} Emanuel Steven Dennis appeals from the Montgomery County Common Pleas

Court’s order overruling his request for public records. Dennis asserts that the trial court’s

ruling was erroneous, because the records are necessary to support a justiciable claim. For

the following reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

I. Facts and Procedural History

{¶ 2} On July 30, 2020, Dennis was indicted on two counts of murder, two counts of

felonious assault, one count of having weapons while under disability, and three counts of

tampering with evidence. On April 16, 2021, following a jury trial, Dennis was found guilty of

one count of murder and one count of tampering with evidence. He was sentenced to a term

of 16 years to life in prison. Dennis appealed, and on August 19, 2022, we affirmed his

conviction.

{¶ 3} On September 10, 2025, Dennis filed a motion to compel the State to provide

public records, which included any records his defense attorney, Lucas Wilder, kept during

his representation of Dennis, discovery that the State provided to Wilder, and the interview

and notes taken by Detective William Geiger pertaining to Latana J. Clark. The State

opposed Dennis’s motion, and the trial court issued its order on September 23, 2025,

overruling Dennis’s motion in its entirety. In denying his request for public records, the trial

court held that Dennis had “not presented a justiciable claim to warrant the court’s

consideration of his request for these alleged public records” and that he “failed to

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demonstrate that there is any pending proceeding with respect to which the requested

documents would be material.”

{¶ 4} Dennis now appeals the trial court’s denial of his public records request. He

raises five assignments of error, which we address together.

II. Dennis’s Request for Public Records Did Not Comply With R.C. 149.43

{¶ 5} In his assignments of error, Dennis contends that the trial court erroneously

denied his request for public records, because he identified a justiciable claim, as required

by R.C. 149.43.

{¶ 6} We review trial court orders pertaining to the disclosure of public records for an

abuse of discretion. State v. Brown, 2026-Ohio-949, ¶ 7 (2d Dist.). The term “abuse of

discretion” means that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.

State v. McAlpin, 2026-Ohio-148, ¶ 14.

{¶ 7} According to R.C. 149.43(B)(8), “a public office or person responsible for public

records is not required to permit a person who is incarcerated pursuant to a criminal

conviction . . . to inspect or to obtain a copy of any public record concerning a criminal

investigation or prosecution . . . unless the request to inspect or to obtain a copy of the record

is for the purpose of acquiring information that is subject to release as a public record under

this section and the judge who imposed the sentence . . . finds that the information sought

in the public record is necessary to support what appears to be a justiciable claim of the

person.” Unless an inmate can meet these requirements, he is not entitled to records related

to his case. Brown at ¶ 9.

{¶ 8} A “justiciable claim” is one that is properly brought before a court for relief. Id.

at ¶ 10. The justiciable claim requirement usually involves the identification of a pending

proceeding to which the requested documents would be material. State v. Wilson, 2026-3

Ohio-763, ¶ 9 (2d Dist.). Where the movant fails to identify any such proceeding, the trial

court does not err by overruling a public records request. Id. Notably, an inmate cannot

satisfy the justiciable claim requirement by merely alluding to potential future proceedings

that could result from granting access to the records. Id.

{¶ 9} In the present case, there were no motions or proceedings pending in the trial

court to which the requested records would have been relevant, nor did Dennis identify any

such proceeding in his request. Rather, Dennis vaguely asserted that the requested records

were necessary to prove his innocence. This is insufficient to satisfy the justiciable cause

requirement under R.C. 149.43.

{¶ 10} Dennis notes that the Eleventh District has held that R.C. 149.43 does not

require a proceeding to be pending to establish a justiciable claim, only that an inmate has

a justiciable claim to pursue. See State v. Askew, 2017-Ohio-1512, ¶ 12 (11th Dist.).

However, we have disagreed with that interpretation of the law, and regardless, Dennis fails

to identify any justiciable claim—pending or not. Specifically, although he references his

entitlement to a new trial or post-conviction relief, both requests are untimely. Crim.R. 33(B)

requires that a motion for a new trial be filed within 120 days of the verdict and

R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a) dictates that a motion for post-conviction relief be made within

365 days after the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in the direct

appeal of the judgment. The verdict in this case was filed on April 26, 2021, and the trial

transcript was filed with this court as part of the record of the direct appeal on July 15, 2021.

{¶ 11} Although there are exceptions to these deadlines in situations where there is

newly discovered evidence or evidence the movant was previously prevented from

discovering, none of those exceptions apply here. The records Dennis sought would have

been in his attorney’s possession, and accessible to Dennis, before and during the trial.

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Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Dennis’s public records

request.

{¶ 12} Dennis’s assignments of error are overruled.

III. Conclusion

{¶ 13} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

HANSEMAN, J., concurs.

HUFFMAN, J., concurs in judgment only.

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