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Dominique Rayvon Bass v. the State of Texas

2026-08-26

Summary

Holding. The court dismissed the appeal regarding due process and voluntariness of plea claims for lack of jurisdiction. The court affirmed the trial court's judgment as to the cruel and unusual punishment claim but modified the judgment to remove the $1,500 fine and $1,125 in attorney's fees.

Bass pleaded guilty to a second-degree felony involving sexual contact with a child and received deferred adjudication with eight years of community supervision. After he violated multiple conditions of his supervision, the state moved to revoke it. The trial court revoked his probation, adjudicated him guilty, and imposed a twenty-year sentence, plus a $1,500 fine and $1,125 in attorney's fees. Bass appealed, raising three challenges: that his due process rights were violated when evidence of actual innocence was excluded, that his guilty plea was involuntary due to extended detention and personal hardships, and that the twenty-year sentence constituted cruel and unusual punishment.

The court found it lacked jurisdiction to address the first two issues because Bass should have raised them when his original deferred adjudication order was imposed, not after revocation. The court addressed only the third issue on the merits, rejecting his cruel and unusual punishment claim because his twenty-year sentence fell within the legislatively authorized range for a second-degree felony. The court also identified errors in sentencing: a $1,500 fine that appeared in the written judgment but not in the oral pronouncement, and $1,125 in attorney's fees imposed on an indigent defendant without any evidence of changed financial circumstances.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether the appellate court has jurisdiction to review challenges to an original deferred adjudication plea on appeal from revocation
  • Whether a twenty-year sentence for a second-degree felony involving sexual contact with a child constitutes cruel and unusual punishment
  • Whether a trial court may impose fines and attorney's fees that differ between oral pronouncement and written judgment, and whether an indigent defendant may be ordered to pay attorney's fees without evidence of ability to pay

Procedural posture

Bass appealed a trial court order revoking his deferred adjudication community supervision, adjudicating him guilty of indecency with a child by sexual contact, and sentencing him to twenty years in confinement plus fines and attorney's fees.

Authorities cited

Opinion

majority opinion

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

NO. 09-25-00219-CR

DOMINIQUE RAYVON BASS, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 1A District Court

Newton County, Texas

Trial Cause No. ND20-07603

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Dominique Rayvon Bass pleaded guilty to the second-degree felony offense

of indecency with a child by sexual contact. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 21.11(a),

(d). After Bass pleaded guilty, consistent with the parties’ agreement, the trial court

placed him on deferred adjudication community supervision for eight years.

Thereafter, the trial court revoked his community supervision, adjudicated him

guilty, and sentenced him to twenty years of confinement plus required him to pay

a $1,500 fine and $1,125 in attorney’s fees. In three issues, Bass asks whether: (1)

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the trial court violated his due process rights by refusing to consider sworn affidavits

of non-prosecution and recantations from his alleged victims; (2) his guilty plea to

deferred adjudication probation was involuntary due to coercive circumstances,

including prolonged detention during COVID-19 and multiple family tragedies; and

(3) the imposition of a twenty-year maximum sentence constitutes cruel and unusual

punishment in light of credible evidence of actual innocence. As discussed below,

we will dismiss his appeal in part and affirm the trial court’s judgment as modified

in part.

Background

A Newton County grand jury indicted Bass for the second-degree felony

offense of indecency with a child by sexual contact. In exchange for Bass’s guilty

plea, the State agreed to drop another charge and recommended that Bass be placed

on deferred adjudication community supervision for a period of eight years, among

other things. Bass pleaded guilty, and consistent with the parties’ agreement, the trial

court placed him on deferred adjudication community supervision for eight years,

required him to complete 120 hours of community service, and imposed a $1,500

fine, among other things. Bass did not appeal the Order of Deferred Adjudication.

The record before us contains a Guilty Plea Memorandum signed by Bass, his

attorney, the State’s prosecutor, and the trial court, along with signed Plea

Admonishments. The Guilty Plea Memorandum states that the trial court found Bass

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to be competent, he represented to the trial court that he understood all the waivers

and pleaded guilty freely and voluntarily, and he judicially confessed to the offense

of indecency with a child by sexual contact. It also outlines the terms of the

punishment recommendation. On March 4, 2021, the trial court entered an “Order

of Deferred Adjudication” pursuant to the plea bargain agreement placing Bass on

community supervision for a period of eight years. Bass did not appeal that Order.

After Bass violated multiple conditions of his community supervision, on July

15, 2021, the State filed its first Motion for Adjudication of Guilt. On January 21,

2022, the State filed a second Motion for Adjudication of Guilt adding further factual

allegations to those violations of the terms of his community supervision alleged in

the original Motion. The new allegations included that he assaulted a correctional

officer and caused bodily injury. Then, on September 16, 2024, the State filed its

Second Amended Motion for Adjudication of Guilt. The Second Amended Motion

included factual allegations regarding Bass’s commission of other crimes and

updated amounts owed for violations of other terms of his community supervision.

Thereafter, the trial court conducted a hearing on the State’s Second Amended

Motion for Adjudication of Guilt in which Bass pleaded “not true” to the allegations

regarding his violations. On May 5, 2025, the trial court revoked Bass’s probation,

adjudicated him guilty, and sentenced him to twenty years of incarceration.

Following the revocation of his probation and adjudication of guilt, Bass appealed.

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Analysis

In issues one and two, Bass essentially attacks his underlying guilty plea by

contending the trial court violated his due process rights by excluding evidence of

his actual innocence, and his original plea was involuntary. The State counters that

Bass’s first two issues are outside of what he is allowed to raise on direct appeal,

and this Court lacks jurisdiction to consider them.

Typically, “a defendant placed on deferred adjudication community

supervision may raise issues relating to the original plea proceeding . . . only in

appeals taken when deferred adjudication community supervision is first

imposed.” Manuel v. State, 994 S.W.2d 658, 661–62 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999)

(discussing prior statute, article 42.12, § 5(b)); see also Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann.

art. 42A.755(e) (current version of statute stating that defendant’s right to appeal

“shall be accorded the defendant at the time the defendant is placed on community

supervision[]”); Perez v. State, 424 S.W.3d 81, 86 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014);

Hargesheimer v. State, 182 S.W.3d 906, 910–12 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (endorsing

general rule outlined in Manuel v. State). “[A]n appellant will not be permitted to

raise on appeal from the revocation of his community supervision any claim that he

could have brought on an appeal from the original imposition of that community

supervision.” Wiley v. State, 410 S.W.3d 313, 319 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (citation

omitted). We have explained that “[a]n appellate court’s review of an order

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adjudicating guilt is generally limited to whether the trial court abused its discretion

in determining that the defendant violated the terms of his community

supervision.” See Diamond v. State, 419 S.W.3d 435, 438 (Tex. App.—Beaumont

2012, no pet.) (citation omitted). An exception to this general rule is if the original

judgment imposing community supervision was void. See Ebiana v. State, 77

S.W.3d 436, 438 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburgh 2002, pet. ref’d) (citation

omitted). An involuntary guilty plea will not render the resulting judgment

void. See Jordan v. State, 54 S.W.3d 783, 785 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001) (citation

omitted).

As to Bass’s claims that his plea was involuntary and evidence of actual

innocence relates to the original cause in which he received deferred adjudication

community supervision, we lack jurisdiction over that issue. See Perez, 424 S.W.3d

at 86; Wiley, 410 S.W.3d at 319; Hargesheimer, 182 S.W.3d at 910–12; Manuel,

994 S.W.2d at 661–62. Bass does not argue that the original order placing him on

deferred adjudication community supervision was void. See Jordan, 54 S.W.3d at

785; Ebiana, 77 S.W.3d at 438. Since Bass’s complaints of the voluntariness of his

plea and actual innocence should have been raised when deferred adjudication

community supervision was imposed, and he does not assert that the original order

placing him on deferred adjudication was void, we lack jurisdiction to consider

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issues one and two on direct appeal. 1 See Manuel, 994 S.W.2d at 661–62; see also

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Perez, 424 S.W.3d at 86; Wiley, 410 S.W.3d at 319; Hargesheimer, 182 S.W.3d at

910–12; Jordan, 54 S.W.3d at 785; Ebiana, 77 S.W.3d at 438.

In issue three, Bass argues that given credible evidence of actual innocence,

the trial court’s sentencing him to twenty years of confinement constituted cruel and

unusual punishment. Although Bass ties his argument that his punishment was cruel

and unusual to evidence of actual innocence, this complaint is about the revocation

proceeding and the sentence imposed after his deferred adjudication community

supervision was revoked. Thus, we have jurisdiction to consider issue three. See

Kahookele v. State, 189 S.W.3d 303, 304 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (remanding in

light of Hargesheimer decision for consideration of claim that sentence imposed

after revocation of deferred adjudication community supervision and adjudicating

him guilty was cruel and unusual).

The Eighth Amendment provides that “[e]xcessive bail shall not be required,

nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” U.S.

CONST. amend. VIII. “Subject only to a very limited, ‘exceedingly rare,’ and

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Claims pertaining to actual innocence are typically challenged in a petition for writ of habeas corpus proceeding. See, e.g., Ex parte Harleston, 431 S.W.3d 67, 70–71 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014); Ex parte Spencer, 337 S.W.3d 869, 877–78 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (discussing different types of innocence claims a habeas applicant may try to prove); Ex parte Franklin, 72 S.W.3d 671, 677–78 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (same).

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somewhat amorphous Eighth Amendment gross-disproportionality review, a

punishment that falls within the legislatively prescribed range, and that is based upon

the sentencer’s informed normative judgment, is unassailable on appeal.” Ex parte

Chavez, 213 S.W.3d 320, 323–24 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (footnote omitted).

Indecency with a child by sexual contact is a second-degree felony, which carries a

punishment range of confinement from two years to twenty years. See Tex. Penal

Code Ann. §§ 12.33(a); 21.11(d). We hold that Bass’s sentence of twenty years is

within the statutory range authorized by the legislature for Bass’s crime and is not

cruel and unusual punishment. See id. We overrule issue three.

Modification of Judgment

As discussed above, the length of Bass’s sentence is not cruel and unusual.

Even so, the trial court’s written judgment includes a $1,500 fine that was not

contained in the oral pronouncement of sentence. Appellant is entitled to have his

sentence, including the assessment of any fines, pronounced in his presence. See

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.03, § 1(a); Taylor v. State, 131 S.W.3d 497, 502

(Tex. Crim. App. 2004). When a variation between the oral pronouncement of the

sentence and the written memorialization of the sentence exists, the oral

pronouncement controls. See Taylor, 131 S.W.3d at 502.

This Court has the power to modify incorrect judgments when we have the

necessary information to do so. See Tex. R. App. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865

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S.W.2d 26, 27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Thus, we modify the trial court’s

judgment to delete the $1,500 fine.

Additionally, the trial court’s written judgment reflects that Bass needed to

pay $1,125 in attorney’s fees, despite being found indigent and appointed counsel in

the trial court. Nothing in the record establishes that Bass was no longer indigent,

and the trial court appointed counsel to represent him on appeal. A defendant’s

financial resources and ability to pay “are explicit critical elements” in the trial

court’s determination of the propriety of ordering reimbursement of attorney’s fees

and costs under article 26.05(g) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Mayer v.

State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 556 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010); see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann.

art. 26.05(g). No trial objection is required to preserve the sufficiency of the evidence

for appellate review. Mayer, 309 S.W.3d at 556. When the evidence does not support

the order to pay attorney’s fees, the proper remedy is to delete them from the

order. Id. at 557. We likewise modify the judgment to delete the $1,125 in attorney’s

fees from the judgment.

Conclusion

Having determined that Bass failed to timely file a notice of appeal from the

trial court’s order placing him on deferred adjudication community supervision, we

lack jurisdiction to consider issues one and two. See Manuel, 994 S.W.2d at 661–

62; see also Perez, 424 S.W.3d at 86; Wiley, 410 S.W.3d at 319; Hargesheimer, 182

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S.W.3d at 910–12. Therefore, we dismiss the appeal as it pertains to issues one and

two for want of jurisdiction. See Manuel v. State, 981 S.W.2d 65, 67 (Tex. App.—

Fort Worth 1998), aff’d, 994 S.W.2d 658 (dismissing appeal for want of

jurisdiction). Having overruled issue three regarding Bass’s claim of cruel and

unusual punishment but modifying the judgment to delete the $1,500 fine and $1,125

attorney’s fee amount, we affirm the trial court’s judgment as modified.

APPEAL DISMISSED IN PART, AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED IN PART.

W. SCOTT GOLEMON

Chief Justice

Submitted on August 17, 2026

Opinion Delivered August 26, 2026

Do Not Publish

Before Golemon, C.J., Johnson and Chambers, JJ.

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