LAW.coLAW.co

GIBBS v. THE STATE

Court of Appeals of Georgia1999-06-17No. A99A1097
239 Ga. App. 249519 S.E.2d 511

Summary

Holding. The trial court properly denied Gibbs' motion for an out-of-time appeal because his ineffective assistance and competency claims cannot be resolved solely by reference to facts in the record, no timely direct appeal right existed following a guilty plea, and his bias allegation lacks evidentiary support. The judgment is affirmed.

Dennis Gibbs entered a guilty plea to multiple felonies and later sought an out-of-time appeal, arguing that his counsel was ineffective and that he was mentally incompetent when he accepted the plea. The trial court rejected both arguments and denied his motion for a delayed appeal. On appeal, Gibbs restated those contentions and added a claim that the trial court acted with bias against him. The appellate court addressed each argument in turn, concluding that none could support the relief he sought.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether ineffective assistance of counsel entitles a guilty-plea defendant to an out-of-time appeal
  • Whether mental incompetency at the time of guilty plea can support an out-of-time appeal when facts establishing competency are not in the record
  • Whether a trial court's denial of an out-of-time appeal motion constitutes judicial bias

Procedural posture

After the trial court denied Gibbs' motion for an out-of-time appeal based on claims of ineffective assistance and incompetency, he appealed that denial to the appellate court.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Blackburn, Presiding Judge.

Dennis Dewayne Gibbs pled guilty to burglary, false imprisonment, armed robbery, and possession of less than one ounce of marijuana. He subsequently moved for an out-of-time appeal, contending (1) that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and (2) that his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary because he was incompetent at the time it was given. The trial court denied Gibbs’ motion, and Gibbs appeals, raising the same contentions argued below and further contending that the trial court did not act impartially in denying his motion. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.

1. (a)

An out-of-time appeal is appropriate where, as the result of ineffective assistance of counsel, a timely direct appeal was not taken. It is the remedy for a frustrated right of appeal. Accordingly, [Gibbs’] motion for an out-of-time appeal was properly denied unless he had a right to file a timely direct appeal which was frustrated by the ineffective assistance of counsel.

A criminal defendant has the absolute right to file a timely direct appeal from a judgment of conviction and sentence entered after a jury or bench trial. However, [Gibbs’] judgments of conviction and sentences were entered after he pled guilty. A criminal defendant has no unqualified right to file a direct appeal from a judgment of conviction and sentence entered on a guilty plea. A direct appeal will lie from a judgment of conviction and sentence entered on a guilty plea only if the issue on appeal can be resolved by facts appearing in the record. Accordingly, the denial of [Gibbs’] motion for an out-of-time appeal can be reversed if, and only if, the questions that he seeks to raise on appeal may be resolved by facts appearing in the record, including the transcript of his guilty plea hearing.

Decided June 17, 1999

Reconsideration dismissed July 21, 1999

Dennis D. Gibbs, pro se.

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Smith v. State, 266 Ga. 687 (470 SE2d 436) (1996). Gibbs has failed to satisfy this burden because the issues he wishes to raise on appeal cannot be resolved by facts in the record before this Court.

Moreover, we note that, at his guilty plea hearing, Gibbs indicated that he was completely satisfied with the performance of his attorney and that he did not plan to pursue claims of ineffective representation in the future. For all of the preceding reasons, therefore, the trial court did not err in denying Gibbs’ motion for an out-of-time appeal based on claims of ineffective assistance of counsel.

(b) Nor did the trial court err in denying Gibbs’ motion based on his claims that he was incompetent at the time that his guilty plea was made.

Mental competency is a question of fact. [Gibbs has pointed to no evidence in the record] to resolve the question of [his] competence to enter a guilty plea. Therefore, the issue which [Gibbs] seeks to raise in his out-of-time appeal cannot be resolved only by reference to facts contained in the record. Since [Gibbs] had no right to file even a timely notice of appeal from the judgment of conviction entered on this guilty plea, he was not entitled to be informed of a nonexistent “right” to appeal. It follows that the trial court correctly denied [Gibbs’] motion to file an out-of-time appeal in this case.

(Citations, punctuation and emphasis omitted.) Morrow v. State, 266 Ga. 3, 4 (463 SE2d 472) (1995).

2. Gibbs complains that the trial court was biased against him; however, his claim is not supported by the record. In essence, he bases his argument on the fact that the trial court did not do as he asked. This enumeration is meritless, and the record shows that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Gibbs’ motion for an out-of-time appeal.

Judgment affirmed.

Barnes, J, and Senior Appellate Judge Harold R. Banke concur.

David McDade, District Attorney, John G. Westrick, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.