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Scalp & Blade, Inc., et al., Appellants, v. Advest, Inc., et al., Respondents

New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division2001-03-21
281 A.D.2d 882722 N.Y.S.2d 639

Summary

Holding. The appellate court modified the trial court's order by denying the defendants' motion to dismiss the breach of fiduciary duty, intentional and negligent misrepresentation claims against the firm, the breach of contract claims against both defendants, and the consumer protection law violation claims against both defendants. The order was affirmed as modified.

A not-for-profit corporation and charitable trust sued an investment advisor and his firm alleging unsuitable and risky investments. The trial court had dismissed several claims, but the appellate court found those dismissals were improper. The court concluded that the firm remained liable for wrongful conduct even when carried out through an employee, and that the employee's other roles with the plaintiffs did not shield the firm from liability.

The appellate court also reinstated claims for breach of contract and violation of consumer protection law. The court rejected arguments that state securities laws barred the plaintiffs from pursuing common-law remedies for breach of fiduciary duty and misrepresentation. The court found no blanket exception removing securities services from the scope of consumer protection statutes, which apply broadly to virtually all economic activity.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a firm is liable for misconduct carried out by its employees
  • Whether an employee's separate fiduciary roles shield a firm from liability
  • Whether common-law claims are precluded by state securities laws
  • Whether consumer protection statutes apply to investment and brokerage services

Procedural posture

The appeal challenges a trial court order granting defendants' motion to dismiss multiple causes of action.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

—Order unanimously modified on the law and as modified affirmed with costs to plaintiffs in accordance with the following Memorandum: Plaintiffs, a not-for-profit corporation and a charitable trust established by the corporation, commenced this action against defendants, an individual investment advisor/securities broker and his firm, alleging that defendants invested plaintiffs’ assets in various speculative, risky, and otherwise unsuitable investments. Supreme Court erred in granting that part of defendants’ preanswer motion seeking dismissal of the first, third, and fourth causes of action, alleging breach of fiduciary duty and intentional and negligent misrepresentation, as against defendant Advest, Inc. (Advest). The complaint states viable causes of action against Advest on those theories, based on the allegation that Advest acted as plaintiffs’ broker and investment advisor and that plaintiffs maintained a securities account with Ad-vest. The fact that Advest’s alleged wrongful conduct toward plaintiffs was carried out through the actions or omissions of defendant Robert J. Franger, Advest’s employee, does not insulate Advest from liability. Nor is Advest insulated from liability by virtue of Franger’s other fiduciary relationships with plaintiffs as director of the not-for-profit corporation and as trustee of the trust fund.

The court further erred in granting that part of defendants’ motion seeking dismissal, as against both defendants, of the second cause of action alleging a breach of contract. That cause of action sufficiently alleges that defendants breached an agreement with plaintiffs to provide reasonable and competent investment advice and brokerage services suited to plaintiffs’ investment objectives.

Defendants challenge the viability of certain of plaintiffs’ common-law causes of action, particularly those sounding in breach of fiduciary duty and negligent misrepresentation, based on the assertedly preclusive effect of the Martin Act (General Business Law art 23-A). We reject those challenges. Nothing in the Martin Act, or in the Court of Appeals cases construing it, precludes a plaintiff from maintaining common-law causes of action based on such facts as might give the Attorney General a basis for proceeding civilly or criminally against a defendant under the Martin Act (see, Vermeer Owners v Guterman, 78 NY2d 1114, 1116; CPC Intl. v McKesson Corp., 70 NY2d 268, 284-286).

Additionally, the court erred in granting that part of defendants’ motion seeking dismissal, as against both defendants, of the seventh cause of action alleging a violation of General Business Law § 349. Plaintiffs have sufficiently alleged consumer-oriented misconduct on defendants’ part (see, Oswego Laborers’ Local 214 Pension Fund v Marine Midland Bank, 85 NY2d 20, 24-27; see also, Gaidon v Guardian Life Ins. Co., 94 NY2d 330, 344-345; New York Univ. v Continental Ins. Co., 87 NY2d 308, 320). Given the statute’s explicit prohibition of “[d]eceptive acts or practices * * * in the furnishing of any service” (General Business Law § 349 [a]), and given the Court of Appeals’ characterization of the statute as “applying] to virtually all economic activity” (Small v Lorillard Tobacco Co., 94 NY2d 43, 55), we see no basis for invoking any blanket exception under the statute for securities transactions (see, Breakwaters Townhomes Assn. v Breakwaters of Buffalo, 207 AD2d 963) or for limiting the statute’s applicability to the sale of “goods.” We therefore modify the order by denying those parts of defendants’ motion seeking dismissal of the first, third, and fourth causes of action against Advest and the second and seventh causes of action against both defendants, and by reinstating those causes of action. (Appeal from Order of Supreme Court, Erie County, Fahey, J. — Dismiss Pleading.) Present — Pine, J. P., Hurlbutt, Scudder, Kehoe and Burns, JJ.