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McKIE et al. v. McKIE et al.

Supreme Court of Georgia1957-10-15No. 19809
213 Ga. 582

Summary

Holding. The judgment of the trial court was affirmed. A wife's written settlement of her alimony claim for a lump-sum payment constitutes a complete bar to any subsequent claims against her deceased husband's estate for dower or year's support, and a contractual provision purporting to negate this legal effect is void.

A wife who separates from her husband and settles her alimony claim through a written contract becomes independent legally and loses her rights to dower and support from his estate. When such a settlement agreement explicitly provides that it constitutes full and complete satisfaction of all alimony claims and spousal rights, the contract is interpreted according to the law in effect at the time it was made. The wife cannot later attempt to modify the contract's effect through additional provisions claiming it should not be interpreted as the law provides.

The court rejected the wife's petition seeking to enforce rights against her husband's estate, finding that by signing the alimony settlement agreement, she had already waived those claims. Her later appointment as temporary administrator of the estate did not revive her petition or overcome the legal bar created by the settlement. The trial court properly dismissed the case for failure to state a valid claim.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Effect of alimony settlement contracts on spousal rights to dower and estate support
  • Whether contractual language can override the legal consequences imposed by statute
  • Proper interpretation of settlement agreements in light of applicable law at execution

Procedural posture

The trial court sustained a general demurrer to the plaintiff's petition, and this appeal challenges that dismissal.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Hawkins, Justice.

1. Where, during the life of her husband, the wife separates from him and assumes a relationship of separation, she is to all intents and purposes sui juris, and may institute suit for alimony if she so elects; and where permanent alimony is either granted by judgment of a court, or the alimony suit is settled by contract between the parties, whereby she accepts money or property in settlement of the claim for permanent alimony, and such contract is not annulled by subsequent cohabitation and reconciliation, under applicable law it bars her of her rights of dower and years support from her husband’s estate, and she ceases to have any further interest in his estate in her right as wife. Code § 30-218; Stewart v. Stewart, 43 Ga. 294; Harris v. Davis, 115 Ga. 950 (42 S. E. 266); Gore v. Plair, 173 Ga. 88 (159 S. E. 698); Berry v. Berry, 208 Ga. 285 (66 S. E. 2d 336); Hall v. First Nat. Bank of Atlanta, 89 Ga. App. 853 (81 S. E. 2d 522).

2. While a contract in settlement of a claim for alimony stands upon the same basis as other contracts to the extent that it is subject to construction by the court, and, in the construction thereof, the intention of the parties should be arrived at and given effect, if “it contravenes no rule of law” (Code § 20-702; Brown v. Farkas, 195 Ga. 653, 25 S. E. 2d 411; Ramsay v. Sims, 209 Ga. 228, 71 S. E. 2d 639), “The laws which exist at the time and place of the making of a contract, enter into and form a part of it” (West End & Atlanta Street R. Co. v. Atlanta Street R. Co., 49 Ga. 151 (5), Horton v. Johnson, 192 Ga. 338, 347, 15 S. E. 2d 605; Dorsey v. Clements, 202 Ga. 820, 824, 44 S. E. 2d 783, 173 A. L. R. 509); and the parties must be presumed to have contracted with reference to such laws and them effect on the subject matter, “and they cannot, by agreement or otherwise, make any other law applicable in determining either the nature, validity or interpretation of the contract.” Federal Land Bank of Columbia v. Shingler, 174 Ga. 352 (3) (162 S. E. 815). See also Robinson v. Reynolds, 194 Ga. 324 (21 S. E. 2d 214); Orkin Exterminating Co. of South Ga. v. Dewberry, 204 Ga. 794, 809 (51 S. E. 2d 669); and compare Finch v. Finch, 213 Ga. 199 (97 S. E. 2d 576). Thus where, as here, a wife enters into a contract with her husband in settlement of her suit for temporary and permanent alimony while living separate and apart from him, whereby she agrees to and does accept a stated amount of money “in one lump sum, as a full and complete settlement of temporary and permanent alimony, and all other rights that she might have against [the husband] party of the second part for and during his natural life,” and thereby, under the law existing at the time, bars her rights of dower and year’s support and any other interest in the estate of her husband in her right as wife — -a further provision of the contract that it shall not be interpreted as having the effect which the law gives it is void. She cannot have her cake and eat it too, or prohibit and prevent an interpretation of the contract by the courts in accordance with the law applicable thereto.

3. Under the foregoing rulings, the plaintiff’s petition failed to state a cause of action, and the trial court did not err in sustaining the general demurrer thereto. The fact that the plaintiff in her representative capacity as temporary administratrix of her husband’s estate intervened as party plaintiff does not save the petition as against the general demurrer. As intervenor she takes the case as she finds it, and “ Since the petition was insufficient and must fall because no cause of action is alleged therein, the intervention must likewise fall and meet the same fate as the petition.’ ” Romar Acceptance Corp. v. Parham, 213 Ga. 223 (3) (98 S. E. 2d 615).

Argued September 9, 1957

Decided October 15, 1957.

Maurice Steinberg, for plaintiffs in error.

Camming, Nixon •& Eve, contra.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur, except Wyatt, P. J., and Mobley, J., who dissent.